The science of advantage in both Pistorius & Leeper cases was substantially similar, notably the presence of an advantage could not be determined conclusively in either case (uncertainty & dueling experts!)
So why one allowed, one not?
In Pistorius case the rules at the time said IAAF had to prove that OP had an unfair advantage
They couldn't (uncertainty!) so default was inclusion
After that IAAF changed the rules so that the burden of proof fell on the athlete to prove they did not have an unfair advantage
Proving a negative is really hard (maybe impossible in some cases)
When Leeper made the case for inclusion he could not prove that he did not have an advantage (uncertainty!) so he was excluded
But here is where it gets really interesting ...
While Leeper did not get to run at Tokyo, one result of his case was that the burden of proof was put back on IAAF (now WA) to prove that an athlete has an advantage
So we are back to the Pistorius era where uncertainty falls in favor of the athlete & inclusion, not exclusion
So if prosthetics regulations are taken as a model for a trans inclusion policy as a matter of stare decisis (always dicey in sports law & regs!) then it will be the responsibility of IFs to prove that a trans athlete has an unfair advantage with inclusion the default
Making tradeoffs bt fairness, inclusion & safety are done all the time in sport
The idea that one value is supreme is of course belied by reality
Otherwise we'd have perfectly fair, inclusive & safe competitions of clones, no categorization, & no competition respectively!
The IOC promises new regs within 2 months
Indications are that they will be devolving decision making to each IF
Expect a lot of debate and inconsistencies across sports
However, there is a good, tested, legal, science-based framework to model upon
🧵Some things to watch for in tomorrow's IPCC report:
➡️Are 7.0/8.5 used as ref scenarios?
➡️Has central est of climate sensitivity gone up/down vs AR5?
➡️Does report venture into policy (eg, carbon budgets, Paris Agreement, etc)?
➡️Does D&A framework get tossed in favor of EA?
Importantly
AR6 WG1 will necessarily be less "alarmist" than AR5 (which wasn't that alarmist) simply bc RCP8.5 was centered in AR5 and we now know extreme scenarios (7.0/8.5) are implausible
Expect lots of excuses from IPCC observers for again focusing on extreme scenarios
I fully expect a lot of euphemisms to be used tomorrow for "reference scenario"
Like:
➡️high emissions scenario
➡️very high emissions scenario
➡️worst case scenario
➡️continued increasing emissions
Changing semantics won't change the underlying issues w/ implausible scenarios
🧵Some might be curious why the IPCC focuses on the scenarios that it does
After all these scenarios are the foundation of the entire report's look to the future & assessment of possible impacts and the worth of different policy approaches . . .
The short answer is that the highest priority scenarios were selected for scientific purposes first & considerations of plausibility absent
Here is how the CMIP6 exercise justified its baseline (BAU/reference) scenarios
I'll be interested of course in how the IPCC WG1 treats scenarios but also, those reporters on the climate beat who are very well aware of these issues
Implausible scenarios of scary, alarming, extreme futures are often too enticing not to report on as predictions/projections
As I explained in The Climate Fix a decade ago, the core messages of the IPCC have remained largely unchanged since 1990, and I expect those messages to be reaffirmed by AR6 ... probably with better graphics and images
Those looking for radically new messages will be disappointed
This is a bit of an loaded question, since CMIP6 prioritized 7.0/8.5 scenarios (baseline aka BAU aka reference) so we should expect these to serve as reference scenarios (euphemisms: "high emissions," "4 deg C" or "emissions continuing to increase") in AR6
We shall see . . .
Does anyone know if full AR6 is released Monday or just SPM? I'd hope the whole thing
“It was pretty observable that the last 30m or 40m of the 200m were impactful. And actually, I think that vindicated the decision about the 400m. If you are finishing a 200m like that, you extend the runway. That in a way supports the judgment that was made"
Mu ran faster than Semenya's Rio Gold
"Was it right to do what we did at the distances? Yes & I think the 800m ystrdy was a very good example... It says a lot about some of the policies we have adopted that we have that kind of race & people like Mu & Hodgkinson coming through”