On Aug. 6 & 9, 1945, the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki.
The Korean A-Bomb Victims' Association estimates 100,000 of the 700,000 killed or injured by the bombs were Korean.
Korean A-bomb survivors are still fighting for justice. This is their story.
TW: Graphic image
In WWII, 5 - 7 million Koreans were conscripted as forced laborers throughout Japan's empire. 670,000 Koreans were sent to Japan to work in shipyards, arms factories, mines, farms, or as "comfort women."
Photo of Korean conscript workers in Hokkaido
In 1945, 80,000 Koreans lived in Hiroshima and at least 30,000 in Nagasaki. Most Hiroshima Koreans worked in war-related industries or farmed small plots after having lost their own land in Korea.
Photo of conscripted Korean workers at Hiroshima's Mitsubishi Shipyard was in 1944
As colonial subjects, Koreans experienced widespread social discrimination, poverty, and lived in segregated neighborhoods. These factors contributed to their high rates of radiation exposure and death.
50,000 Koreans died in the atomic bombings or shortly after.
Most of the 43,000 survivors returned to Korea. The Korea Atomic Bomb Casualty Association estimates 60% of survivor-returnees died of radiation-related illness or in the Korean War.
Photo: Hapcheon memorial shrine
Survivors have faced many challenges in S. Korea.
The ROK govt ignored survivors for decades. Many survivors & their children were disabled & unable to work or afford medical care. 20% of 2nd & 3rd-gen descendants of survivors have congenital deficiencies & hereditary diseases.
In 1957 Japan began to offer medical benefits to atomic bomb survivors, but excluded Koreans.
Korean A-bomb survivors "illegally" crossed borders, filed lawsuits, and fought for decades to receive legal and medical rights in Japan. Some are still fighting to be recognized.
After WWII, the US refused responsibility for A-bomb survivors, but continued to test and station nuclear weapons throughout the Pacific.
Korea is just one link in a long chain of US nuclear destruction, from mines in the Belgian Congo and Diné/Navajo lands to the Pacific.
Although most Korean A-bomb survivors left Japan for what became South Korea, about 3,000 went to North Korea. Japan has never compensated any A-bomb survivors in North Korea. Like all DPRK citizens, these survivors receive free medical care. mainichi.jp/english/articl…
The decades-long struggle for Korean A-bomb survivors' rights is not over.
To this day the Korean A-bomb Victims’ Association continues to make the following demands:
In early 2020, Nodutdol planned to host the Korean A-bomb Victims’ Association in NYC. The trip was cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Victims’ Association plans to host a People's Tribunal in the near future to hold the US accountable.
Justice for Korean A-bomb survivors means more than reparations and recognition; it means an end to the US nuclear arsenal and the system of imperialism these weapons of mass destruction protect.
Association President Sim Jintae made the following statement at a 2015 UN meeting:
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In 1905, the US struck a deal with the Japan to recognize each other’s respective claims to Korea and the Philippines — thereby consenting to Japan’s later colonization of Korea from 1910-1945.
Pictured: Secret photocopies of the agreed memorandum.
The Taft-Katsura Agreement resulted from Japan and the US’ respective wars at the time: the Russo-Japanese War and the Spanish-American War.
US Secretary of War William Howard Taft and Japanese Prime Minister Katsura Taro met in secret after the Russo-Japanese War to discuss the countries' foreign policies.
#OTD in 1953, North Korea, China and the US signed the Korean War Armistice—instating ceasefire and creating the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The armistice was supposed to be temporary before peace treaty negotiations, but terms could not be agreed upon and the war continues. 🧵
Armistice negotiations first began in 1951, but took 2 years to complete as the fighting raged on.
South Korea ultimately refused to sign because President Rhee Syngman wanted to conquer the north. US bombing did not stop until 24 minutes before the ceasefire took effect.
Although the armistice called for the withdrawal of foreign troops, the US and South Korea signed the Mutual Defense Treaty just two months after the armistice. This treaty created a “legal” framework for US troops to occupy Korea indefinitely, as they continue to do to this day.
On July 26, 1950, the No Gun Ri Massacre began. For three days, US soldiers butchered 400 Korean refugees hiding in a tunnel. The US and South Korea denied this history until 1999. No Gun Ri is just the most famous of 200 reported civilian massacres by US troops in the south. 🧵
As US & S Korean soldiers fled south in the early days of the war, US commanders ordered troops to treat refugees inside battle zones as “enemy agents.”
According to a 7/25/1950 Air Force memo by Col. Turner Rogers: "The army has requested we strafe all civilian refugee parties"
On July 25th, US troops evacuated hundreds from No Gun Ri and surrounding villages.
The next day, the refugees were stopped at a railroad bridge and ordered onto the tracks where soldiers searched them for weapons. Afterwards, US warplanes shot and bombed the resting villagers.
In response to US atrocities in Korea, Picasso painted the piece “Massacre in Korea” in 1951. A communist, Picasso created this piece to highlight how the US used their goal of expelling communism on the Korean peninsula to justify their merciless violence.
The idea of showcasing “Massacre in Korea” in South Korea has always been unthinkable. Yet for the first time ever, the piece is now on display until August in Seoul at the Hangaram Art Museum.
For the last 70 years, the artwork was banned from being showcased in South Korea as part of the ROK’s National Security Law which criminalizes pro-communist speech and organizing. For decades, museums have attempted to bring the painting to Korea but failed.
On this day in 1983, the Grenadian revolutionary socialist leader Maurice Bishop visited the DPRK to meet with Kim Il-Sung, who supported the Grenadian revolution.
[🧵 on their revolutionary solidarity]
"100,000 working people in Pyongyang are out to give a hearty welcome to the friendly delegation of the Grenadian people." - Pyongyang Times, April 13, 1983
During this trip, the two governments signed an official agreement outlining the economic and technical aid the DPRK would provide to support Grenada.
On this day in 1948, Koreans on Jeju Island organized an armed rebellion for a unified, independent country, free of US colonization. In response, the US military government & ROK massacred 30,000-60,000 people until 1954.
TW: Police brutality, torture, rape mention
After WW2, the US military ruled southern Korea directly. Self-governing People's Committees were mostly disbanded, except in Jeju. In 1917 police killed 6 independence protestors, triggering a general strike on the island. In response, the US sent in police and fascist partisans
The Jeju Uprising was organized on April 3, 1948 after the US announced unpopular elections to create an "independent" southern government. 12 out of 24 police stations were attacked simultaneously.
The US & ROK responded with total war, killing 10-20% of Jeju's people by 1954.