"It didn't seem to me that anybody had described a mechanism in which variants can be increased by vaccination"
OK. I will do so now.
First of all, @ScottAdamsSays is absolutely correct that the more people have covid, the more variants there will be
That is, the more copies of the virus that are out there, reproducing, the more mutations there will be, and the more variants will be created. So reducing the number of people with covid is absolutely a good thing. But that is not exactly the question
The question is how can vaccinations increase the number of variants. In particular, how can they increase the number of variants that we *care* about?
I will start by describing a similar situation with breeding dogs, and then apply it to the virus.
Let's say that you have a population of dogs that average 100 lbs., and you want to breed a population that averages 10 lbs.
You wouldn't start by killing all the dogs that weigh more than 10 lbs., because all your dogs weight more than 10 lbs. - all your dogs would be dead
But if you killed the dogs that weighed over 95 lbs. and repeated it for many generations, gradually lowering the cut-off weight, eventually you would get a population of dogs weighing only 10 lbs. - and, in fact, this is the way that small dog breeds were actually created
Now, let's apply the scenario to covid. Back when vaccination offered high protection against the virus, it seemed like we were in the 1st scenario. The vaccine prevented the virus from spreading, and this was an unmitigated good thing
But now we have the delta variant, so clearly some variants got past the vaccine. This looks a lot more like the 2nd scenario. Now, if we come up with a better vaccine will some variants be able to get past *that*? Are we gradually breeding a variant that can get past anything?
It is a plausible scenario.
However, I hasten to add that I am still pro-vaccine
Part of the reason why I am pro-vaccine is that I know something about the delta variant that not many people know. The delta variant has the same spike protein that the original variant had, so the same vaccines are effective against it
The delta variant evades vaccines by another mechanism. It has a gene that seems to suppress the immune system in general. As a result, people with a weak immune response can be overwhelmed by the disease before their immune system kicks in
In addition, it seems that the covid vaccines wear off pretty quickly. We don't understand the immune system very well, and it is a mystery why some vaccines seem to last a lifetime, and others need boosters
Unfortunately, the covid vaccines, at least the ones that we have now, seem to wear off in about six months. Israel has just begun a campaign to give everyone a 3rd shot. The data is not in yet, but what we have suggests that booster shots will work. In a few weeks we know
"From studies we conducted, we saw that the chances of those who were vaccinated in January being infected with coronavirus are twice as high as those who were vaccinated in April. The level of protection decreases over time..."
When it comes to foreign policy, the real choice is not between intervention and non-intervention, but between frequent small interventions and infrequent large ones.
I know that I will get pushback on this from @nntaleb fans, but it comes right out of Incerto
It's not that small interventions are always good or right, so don't give me examples of when they have been wrong. It's that small interventions provide feedback on a small scale, and make course-corrections possible
It is very hard to find robust or antifragile strategies toward conflicts. They sometimes exist, but they are very hard to find, for a simple reason: The other side is also trying to win. Most of the time, the best you can do is antirobust: If it works, good, but if it fails, bad
I'm catching up on my @ScottAdamsSays, and I want to take issue with this statement: "rapid tests would only slow it down".
Rapid tests could end the pandemic. All that is necessary to end the pandemic is to get R (the reproduction number) below 1
That is, if every infected person infects less than 1 other person, the pandemic will die out. With rapid (i.e. rapid, cheap, and easy) tests we could test everyone whenever there is a chance of infecting other people, at restaurants, schools, and other gatherings
The best explanation of rapid tests that I know is this podcast from @Gladwell
This is the story not just with this minor property dispute, but with the entire Israeli-Palestinian conflict. No Palestinian can make the slightest compromise with an Israeli. To do so would literally be risking their lives
"Until 1991, we were granted protected tenant status. However, lawyers appointed with the intervention of the Orient House and the Palestinian Authority pressured us not to pay rent because we would have recognized Jewish ownership"
"Since then, anyone who raised the need to return to the protected tenant option has been threatened by PA representatives"
"Grant reviewers... deemed the plan 'outstanding.' But they gave the proposal a low priority score, dooming its bid for funding. 'The significance for developing a pan-coronavirus vaccine may not be high,' they wrote, apparently unconvinced that the viruses pose a global threat."
We will get a pancoronavirus vaccine, and it will not be in the far-distant future, either. We have the technology now (assuming no unexpected negative side effects of mRNA vaccines - so far there are none)
And when you were born, on the day of your birth they didn't cut the umbilical cord, and didn't wash you with water to clean you, and at the salting you weren't salted, and at the swaddling you weren't swaddled
1. What's so special about mRNA vaccines? A thread
Viruses (and all living things) are made of proteins. Our acquired immune system works by identifying one of the proteins of a foreign invader, and producing antibodies against that specific protein
2. An autoimmune disease is when our body mistakenly identifies one of our own proteins as foreign, and produces antibodies against it
3. Until now, all vaccines were made from weakened or dead viruses, or related viruses that confer cross-immunity. Cross immunity can occur because related viruses often share proteins. Antibodies against a protein give you immunity from all viruses that share that protein