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Roger Moorhouse 🇺🇦 Profile picture
@Roger_Moorhouse
Sep 22, 2021 • 6 tweets • 5 min read • Read on X
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On this Day - German and Soviet units convened for a joint parade in the Polish city of #Brest. Here, the two commanders - General Heinz Guderian and Brigadier-General Semyon Krivoshein - share a joke on the reviewing stand. #Poland1939 #NaziSoviet
Here a Soviet T-26 tank passes a waiting Wehrmacht motorcycle reconnaissance unit. Friendly cooperation between the two allies. #NaziSoviet
Wehrmacht and Red Army troops mingled to watch the parade. #Brest #Poland1939
Conversation was sometimes stilted, but common ground could be found in the universal language of cigarettes. #NaziSoviet #Poland1939
Guderian and Krivoshein conversed in French. Guderian would boast about German hardware; Krivoshein would reply "We have better". #Poland1939
Krivoshein later claimed to have taken part in the parade only reluctantly.
Interviewed by German journalists on the day, however, he raised a toast to #Hitler and #Stalin and invited the journalists to visit him "after the victory over capitalist England". #NaziSoviet

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More from @Roger_Moorhouse

Roger Moorhouse 🇺🇦 Profile picture
Aug 23
#OTD in 1939 - the foreign ministers of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact - or Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - in Moscow. #BlackRibbonDay Image
The Pact was a non-aggression treaty, by which the signatories agreed to settle their differences by negotiation for a period of ten years.

So far, so ordinary, but the Pact also had a Secret Protocol, which was much more sinister… Image
The Secret Protocol - which the Soviet denied existed until 1990 - divided Central Europe into “Spheres of Influence” between Berlin and Moscow.
Giving the green light to Hitler’s invasion of Poland, it meant that the “non-aggression pact” was really as “aggression pact”.
Read 7 tweets
Roger Moorhouse 🇺🇦 Profile picture
Feb 10, 2023
On this Day - 1940, Soviet forces began the first large-scale deportation of Poles from occupied eastern Poland, removing around 140,000 people in horrific conditions. The deportees were taken primarily to labour camps in Kazakhstan and Siberia. #Kresy
An extract from my book “The Devils’ Alliance” describing the Soviet deportation process.
The intention was a crude class and ethnic cleansing, removing all those who might present an obstacle to the imposition of Soviet rule.
Read 4 tweets
Roger Moorhouse 🇺🇦 Profile picture
Sep 12, 2022
On this Day - 1939 - the British and French prime ministers and chiefs of staff met in the “Supreme War Council” at Abbéville in northern France. They discussed the progress of the ongoing German campaign in Poland and assistance for their ally. #Poland1939 #OTD
French prime minister Edouard #Daladier said that the German advance was proceeding “as expected”, and stressed that he had “no intention” of throwing French forces against the German western front.

This was said in spite of a previous commitment to do just that.
British prime minister Neville #Chamberlain described the French decision as “wise”, and stated that “nothing the Allies could do would save Poland”. Both Britain and France committed themselves instead to building up their own defences. #Poland1939
Read 5 tweets
Roger Moorhouse 🇺🇦 Profile picture
Sep 12, 2022
On this Day - 1939 - Hitler’s tame filmmaker Leno Riefenstahl witnessed a German massacre of Polish Jews at Końskie, south of Warsaw. Her entourage recorded her reaction. #OTD #Poland1939
She was in #Końskie to interview the German commander, General Reichenau, for a propaganda broadcast, but instead was witness to a “reprisal action” against local Jews.
Following the death of a couple of German officers in a Polish Army ambush, the Jews of the nearby town, Końskie, were rounded up for punishment: forced to dig the soldiers’ graves with their bare hands, while being abused by German soldiers. #Poland1939
Read 6 tweets
Roger Moorhouse 🇺🇦 Profile picture
Sep 18, 2021
On this Day - 1939 - #Wehrmacht forces massacred some 358 Polish civilians and POWs at Śladów, west of Warsaw. (no photo available) It was one of the worst such massacres during the German invasion of Poland. #Poland1939 Image
Prisoners and civilians were rounded up following an engagement with Polish forces and forced to bury the dead. They were told that they would be released afterwards.
Instead, they were led to the banks of the Vistula and machine-gunned into the river. #Poland1939
This extract from my book “First to Fight” gives an eye-witness account of the lead up to the massacre. #Poland1939 Image
Read 5 tweets
Roger Moorhouse 🇺🇦 Profile picture
Sep 13, 2021
On this Day - 1939 - one of the most iconic photographs of #WW2 was taken in #Warsaw. It was taken by American photojournalist Julien Bryan, and it shows a 10-year-old girl, Kazimiera Mika, bending over the body of her sister, who had just been killed in a German air raid.
The sisters had been with a group of other woman, digging for potatoes near Powązki cemetery, when they were targeted in a strafing attack by Luftwaffe aircraft. Two of them were killed. Bryan arrived soon after and took out his camera. #Poland1939
According to Bryan, Mika cried: "What has happened?! What have they done to you?!" begging her sister to come to. "Please talk to me. Please..."
Bryan comforted her as best he could but, he wrote, "What could we, or anyone else, say to this child?" #Poland1939
Read 4 tweets

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