#Astrobiology it is! 🦠 🌃 🔭

Not a surprise. Most of us have asked ourselves whether we are alone in the nearby universe, whether there is other life, and if so, whether it is microbial, macroscopic, or even intelligent...

But how can we study something we don't know exists?
Britannica defines astrobiology as a "multidisciplinary field dealing with the nature, existence, and search for extraterrestrial life" - practically spot on, but we should emphasize that for this, we study the evolution of life on Earth, extreme conditions it can survive...
Plus to learn the chances of life elsewhere, we need to know about the lifetime and 'behavior' of stars, planetary geophysics, atmospheric physics...

In short, astrobiology is a huge interdisciplinary field encompassing biology, chemistry, geology, physics, but also humanities! Rover Under the Milky Way - Atacama Rover Astrobiology Drill
What it does NOT focus on, besides perhaps from the psychological perspective, are claims of UFO sightings, alien kidnappings... While it's prudent not to merely dismiss any such or another claim, so far there hasn't been any convincing evidence of any alien life visiting Earth.
What IS a part of astrobiology are efforts like SETI: searching for extraterrestrial intelligence by studying radio signals, looking for possible megastructures or technosignatures in exoplanet atmospheres.

But most expect that the first alien life we discover will be microbial.
No life beyond Earth has been found so far, but there are places that seem hopeful.

Where do you expect us to find the first potential evidence of extraterrestrial life? 🪐
Tomorrow, I'd like to do a thread on the option that seems most likely to you - but all will be at least mentioned, since they're all immensely fascinating! MarsEnceladusARIEL mission artistic renderingVenus
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, though, and finding evidence of alien life will likely be tricky! It's hard enough to tell if structures in very old Earth rock are microbial fossils or completely life-unrelated. I wrote more here 👇

clarkesworldmagazine.com/novakova_03_21/

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More from @realscientists

3 Oct
"All these worlds are yours. Except Europa. Attempt no landing there." - 2010: Odyssey Two, by A.C. Clarke

Most of you think we'll first discover life outside of Earth on Europa or Enceladus. Let's have a look at these amazing worlds of ice and water! 🧵 Europa. Image: NASA / JPL/ Jason Major
In 1610, Europa, Io, Ganymede and Callisto were discovered almost at the same time by Simon Marius and Galileo Galilei.

We remember the latter better, but those names were selected by Marius. If not for him, we might have been calling them after the Medicis, Galileo's patrons... Galileo's drawings of Jupiter's moons' observations
It wasn't until the Pioneers & Voyagers in the 1970s, though, until we got a closer look at the moon and could marvel at it.

Look at this composite image captured by the Galileo probe. Does anything look strange to you? How does it differ from our Moon?

I'll give you a moment. Europa.
Read 16 tweets
2 Oct
Excellent question! The answer is partly related to planetary protection and to engineering, partly to the uncertainty of our knowledge about liquid water on Mars now and its accessibility. Thread 🧵.
I'll start with the water. While the geology of Mars - dried-up riverbeds, deltas - suggests it likely had plenty of liquid water long ago, it currently has too thin atmosphere for liquid water to stably exist on its surface, regardless of temperature. We have to go underground! Dry delta on Mars.
There probably has been volcanic activity on Mars quite recently (maybe tens of millions years ago), so there might be hydrothermal vents underground, but we don't know where.

Then there are, of course, the polar caps - and the possibility of lakes deep under the ice. Martian south polar ice cap
Read 15 tweets
20 Aug
As wonderfully described by @CCriadoPerez in her book ‘Invisible Women’, women are living in a world designed for men. Now in an era of increased data science, that means that there is a data bias towards men (1/5)
This wonderful book covers everything medical data (including ‘standard’ symptoms of heart attack) is based on men, that women are 47% more likely to be seriously injured in a car accident and asks ‘can snow clearing can be sexist?’ (2/5)
Current research shows that female uptake for clinical trials is still low (bmj.com/content/371/bm…) and even in trials where women are recruited, lots don’t provide gender disaggregated data. (3/5)
Read 5 tweets
19 Aug
How I approach my own mental health is not the only way and with everything difficult, it’s a journey. So please don’t view anything you differently to me as wrong!

But what do I actually do to take care of my #mentalhealth? (1/8)
1) Understand that there will be very good and very bad days. These may come at random times and without reason. It’s about riding the rollercoaster
2) Take breaks! (Yes - I don’t listen to my own advice)
Read 8 tweets
19 Aug
A recent survey of postgraduate researchers (PGRs) in the UK found that only 14% of PGRs saying that they have low anxiety. This is nearly 3 times lower than in the general population (41%). Does this seem right to you?
Source: advance-he.ac.uk/news-and-views… (1/3)
What this study shows in that anxiety (and likely other experiences of poor mental health) are prevalent in the research community - at least at PhD level.

So why don’t we talk about it more? We all have mental health after all (2/3)
Personally, I think a lot of it comes down to the stigma surrounding mental health. And hopefully today, by being open and honest about my own experiences with navigating the world of being healthy whilst studying, I can show it’s normal (3/3)
Read 4 tweets
18 Aug
My journey into scientific engagement started with @cgebm_aberdeen during my masters in 2017 at @aberdeenuni May Festival - which celebrates culture and education around the city and university campus (1/4) Large white marquee with a ...
As part of this event, the CGEBM hosted ‘Gene’s unzipped’ - where we taught primary school students from around Aberdeenshire what DNA is, why it’s so awesome. We also helped the students perform my favourite basic science experiment - extracting DNA from strawberries (2/4) Two children in lab coats p...A room full of children in ...Children in lab coats from ...
With some fruit, washing up liquid and alcohol, you get a suspension of DNA in a solution and it’s a bit gooey and fun to play with too! For more information on how to do this with young budding scientists - head here genome.gov/Pages/Educatio… (3/4)
Read 4 tweets

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