Sikhs of 18th century considered cow a sacred animal and they killed any Punjabi musalman who dared to slaughter cow and eat its meat.
In 1767 Hira Singh (leader of Nakai misl) received information that Muslims slaughtered cow and ate beef in the territory under Shaikh Subhan
Chishti, the 'Sajjada Nishin' (the hereditary guardian) of the famous shrine of the saint Farid Shakarganj, in Pakpattan. Hira Singh collected a large number of troops and proceeded to Pakpattan to plunder the jagir of Shaikh Subhan and punish its Muslim population.
The news of
the intended attack had reached Shaikh Subhan. He and his men opposed Sikhs at some distance from the Pakpattan town. Hira Singh was hit by a bullet in the head and died instantly. The Sikhs were dispersed with great loss. Shaikh Subhan Chishti pursued them with 4,000 cavalry,
killing a great number of them.
(Ref: "History of the Panjab from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time" by S.M.Latif).
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Sikhs owed their rise in 18th century to Adina Beg Arian (a Punjabi Muslim). The latter believed in "chaos is a ladder" and used Sikh marauders to destroy the law & order of Punjab. The suffers of his dangerous games, were none other than his own Punjabi
(Continued in thread)
Muslims. Mughals would have easily exterminated the menace of Sikh marauders but Adina Beg (who was in the service of Mughals) made sure that Sikh marauders were not eliminated.
Some time after the invasion of Nadir Shah Afsar, Zakariya Khan (the Mughal governor of Lahore subah)
appointed Adina Beg as Nazim (governor) of Jalandhar Doab and ordered him to crush the Sikh marauders there who were not powerful at that time. Adina Beg did the opposite, he nurtured the Sikh marauders. James Browne, writing in 1787, says : "The force he (Adina Beg) had him was
Qasur is plural of Qasr (قصر) which means fortress or castle in Arabic. The place was named so because of the twelve forts built by
Pashtuns settlers in 16th century, majority whom belonged to the Khweshgi (also spelled as Kheshgi) tribe of Pashtuns. The twelve forts were named after the heads of the twelve clans of Kheshgis. Seven of the twelve forts were still standing in 1871 as reported by Alexander
Cunningham.
Those Pashtun settlers had accompanied the army of Mughal king Babur in 1526 and had fought on his behalf against the army of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi. As a reward for their services, Babur granted them the present territory of Kasur as jagir.
1842 (c): The painting by James Atkinson showing the doors which were removed from the mausoleum of Sultan Mahmood of Ghazni by the British invaders. The latter believed it to be the "sandalwood gates of Somnath temple".
British invaders desecrated the tomb and removed the door
in 1842 to restore their injured pride and ego, to upset the sentiments of Pashtuns (British erroneously thought that Sultan Mahmud was a Pashtun) and to gratify the Hindus.
James Atkinson (the painter) writes: "This is the relic which the Sikh Chieftain Runjeet Sing so much
coveted as to wish to make its restoration a condition to his affording aid to the cause of Shah Shoojau, but that Monarch replying that his compliance with the demand would disgrace in the eyes of his nation, the request was not insisted on. It has now, however, been brought to
Shaikh Jamaluddin Kasi was a 16th century Pashtun saint of Chishti order. A member of the Pashtun tribe of Kasi, he enjoyed considerable respect from his own as well as other Pashtun tribes. In his early life he held a high post in the government under Sher Shah Sur. After the
downfall of the Pashtuns in India and restoration of Mughals to the throne, Jalaluddin Kasi renounced the world and moved to Unnao (UP, India) where he joined the khanqah of Shah Mahmud Chishti. Later he went to the tomb of Shaikh Badrud-Din of Badaun where he
constantly recited Quran and cared for the tomb. In short time he was surrounded by a large number of people.
Shaikh Jalaluddin Kasi developed the habit of mediating and reciting the Quran until midnight at the tomb of Shaikh Badruddin some distance from the town. These
"On the 25th Zil Qada, Ghulam Qadir called Prince Akbar, Suleiman Shikoh, and the other Princes, nineteen in number, before him, and with harsh words called upon them to sing and dance before him. They declined ; but he would not listen to them, saying that he had long heard
praises of their singing and dancing. He then commanded his attendants to cut of the Princes' noses if they did not sing. The princes and boys, seeing there was no escaping from his commands, did as they were directed, and sang and danced. He was very pleased and asked them what
In 19th century some Tajiks often forayed into Hazarajat, captured Hazaras as slaves and sold them to Uzbeks.
James Atkinson writes in 1843: " The term Tajuk is applied to all people of Afghanistan, whose vernacular language is Persian. They reside in villages and are
essentially cultivators, never leaving a pastoral life. In general they form the most peaceable class of the population, but in the Kohistan the case is reversed. Turbulent and vindictive their blood feuds are there endless. It is rare to see a man go to hunt or even ride out
without being attended by some of his clan as a guard. To the north of Akrobat, towards Toorkistan, also, they bear no high character. In that quarter, the Tajuk Chiefs, like the notorious Mahomed Ali Beg, of Syghan, often engage in forays into the Huzzareh districts for slaves