More than a year back, I came across this lesson from Buffett in one of his annual meetings.

It forever changed the way I sized my positions.

My portfolio returns improved thereafter:
“When we look at the future of businesses we look at riskiness as being sort of a go/ no-go valve.

If we think that we simply don't know what's going to
happen in the future, that doesn't mean it's risky for everyone.

It means it's risky for us.
In that case, we just give up.

We don't try to predict those things.

We don't say, "Well, we don't know what's going to happen. Therefore, we'll discount some cash flows that we don't even know at 9% instead of 7%.
That is not our way to approach it.

Once it passes a threshold test of being something about which we feel quite certain, we tend to apply the same discount factor to everything.

And we try to only buy businesses about which we're quite certain.
I don't think that you can compensate for that by having a higher discount rate and saying:

“Well, it's riskier. And I don't really know what's going to happen.

Therefore, I'll apply a higher discount rate."

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More from @heymaxkoh

21 Oct
Discover how 2 billion dollar fund managers make investing decisions.

Meet David Poppe (right) and John Harris (not in photo).

Their firm, Ruane Cunniff & Goldfarb, manages the flagship Sequoia Fund.

They shared 5 of their key investing principles.

Here's the breakdown: Image
1. It's all about people

They believe there's a difference between good and excellent managers.

Their goal is to find the latter.

Because great management teams make better capital allocation decisions.

So in the long run, it makes the investment more predictable.
1b. How do they assess their managers?

They like to ask this question they learnt from Buffett:

"If you had to leave $1 million with somebody for 5 years, would you trust them to be a fiduciary of your investment?"

If the answer is yes, it helps them sleep better at night.
Read 10 tweets
21 Oct
How to read an Annual Report in 1 hour.

A step by step guide for busy people:
Context:

This is NOT the best way to read an annual report.

It's just how I do it with limited time, while holding my 9-5 job.

I will use "10K / Annual report" interchangeably.

I'll also share some other great guides to reading a 10K at the bottom of this thread:
1. Be clear on your intention

First, why are you reading the 10K?.

"Understanding the business" is a terrible answer. It's too broad.

You will end up reading passively.

Because you don't know what to look for.
Read 19 tweets
20 Oct
Amazon, Costco, Southwest.

These 3 great companies have 1 thing in common:

A low price strategy.

Here's 5 frameworks to help you invest in "low pricing business models":

Distilled from one of the world's top pricing strategists
1. Low price from Day 1

For this to work, low pricing must be built into their business model.

These companies value things like:

- Frugality
- Process efficiency
- Strong procurement from suppliers

It's part of their DNA since the start.
1b. Low pricing also starts from the leadership and culture.

From the type of car the CEO drives...

To the furniture in the office

(think of Jeff Bezos making tables out of wooden doors in the early days of AMZN)...

It sends a message to the employees:

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Read 12 tweets
19 Oct
The #1 secret to improve your investing returns?

Research your companies well.

Here's 5 simple tools I use to research companies in depth:

(with screenshots of how I personally use each one)
Tool 1: Pocket

I use this to highlight earnings transcripts and articles on my phone.

Allows me to research companies even when I'm on the go.

I then extract these highlights afterwards and summarize them.

Here's an example of an interview with Fiverr CEO Micha Kaufman.
Tool 2: Otter

I use Otter to transcribe CEO interviews and videos.

Why not just listen to them?

Because I read faster than I listen. So it saves me time.

Here's my trick: I transcribe these videos beforehand.

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Read 11 tweets
19 Oct
Earnings season is coming.

99% of investors behave like sheep in this period.

They're rattled by short term noise and follow the herd's opinions.

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An owner’s mentality forces you to think hard about the important variables.

It helps you see further down the road.

And you stop worrying about quarterly increments.
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18 Oct
90% of business acquisitions fail.

But there are exceptions:

Mark Leonard, Founder of Constellation Software $CSU, is one of them.

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Turning $25 Million into $32 Billion.

Here's his "Growth by Acquisition" playbook:
To put things in context:

Every $1 you invested in Constellation Software in 2006...

Would have turned into $120 in 2021.

Over the last 15 years, its stock has compounded at over 35% a year.

What's the secret?
5 lessons from Mark's "Growth by Acquisition" Playbook:

1. Focus on niche players
2. Focus on sticky softwares
3. Buy companies that are founder led
4. Decentralization
5. Keep teams small

Lets go:
Read 25 tweets

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