Max Koh Profile picture
21 Oct, 10 tweets, 3 min read
Discover how 2 billion dollar fund managers make investing decisions.

Meet David Poppe (right) and John Harris (not in photo).

Their firm, Ruane Cunniff & Goldfarb, manages the flagship Sequoia Fund.

They shared 5 of their key investing principles.

Here's the breakdown:
1. It's all about people

They believe there's a difference between good and excellent managers.

Their goal is to find the latter.

Because great management teams make better capital allocation decisions.

So in the long run, it makes the investment more predictable.
1b. How do they assess their managers?

They like to ask this question they learnt from Buffett:

"If you had to leave $1 million with somebody for 5 years, would you trust them to be a fiduciary of your investment?"

If the answer is yes, it helps them sleep better at night.
2. 95% of effort goes into qualitative work

Because the numbers can easily be counted by anyone.

There is no real edge there.

It's the quality factors that determine the longevity of the business.

And that's where most of the future value of their investment will come from.
3. Focus on early stage of growth

This works because of psychological errors.

Most investors place more emphasis on something near and tangible.

So for such early stage businesses, the future value becomes hard to estimate.

This creates mispricing and buying opportunities.
4. Do your own work and research

Investing is more emotional than intellectual.

So they do their own research NOT because it gives them an informational edge.

But because it gives them conviction.

When the market corrects, it helps them stay rational.
5. Don't rely on bold predictions

For their investments to work, they don't need the company to grow at aggressive rates. Why?

Because of their price discipline.

They paid a price that does NOT require them to make bold predictions about the future.

Just modest ones will do.
That's it.

David Poppe has since stepped down as CEO of Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb in 2018.

John Harris is still a PM there, and continues to manage the Sequoia fund.

You can read the full interview they did with Graham and Doddsville here:
medium.com/graham-and-dod…
Recap of 5 key investing principles:

1. It's all about the people

2. 95% of effort goes into qualitative

3. Focus on early stage growth

4. Do your own research

5. Don't rely on bold predictions
If you found this helpful, then follow me at @heymaxkoh

I share about how I attained financial freedom before age 30...

By investing in great businesses.

Also, check out this powerful framework from Yen Liow on how to find multi baggers:

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More from @heymaxkoh

23 Oct
7 lessons from 12 full-time investors:

On their research process, mental habits, and time management.

What they have in common:

- full time, private investors
- manage their own $$
- independently wealthy
- started with small capital base

A THREAD:
1. They make their own notes

They write things down, even if they never read them again.

Because the magic of making their own notes lies in the process of doing it.

Not in the actual notes themselves.

Making notes helps them discover what they really think about a company.
From Vernon, one of the private investors in this study:

“The notes help me to maintain mental consistency over time.

They are a stabilising influence when some news comes out which might tempt me to trade impulsively.”
Read 18 tweets
23 Oct
My favourite quote from Sam Walton, Made in America:
"Sometimes I'm asked why today, when Wal-Mart has been so successful, when we're a $50 billion-plus company, should we stay so cheap?

That's simple:

Because we believe in the value of the dollar.
Every time Wal-Mart spends one dollar foolishly, it comes right out of our customers' pockets.

Every time we save them a dollar, that puts us one more step ahead of the competition—which is where we always plan to be."
Read 4 tweets
22 Oct
I turned 31 last month.

10 years ago when I was 21, I had less than $1,000 in my bank.

If you told me I would be financially free before 30, I wouldn't believe you.

But it's not all about $$.

Here's 18 lessons I've learnt about habits, happiness, life and death:
1. Wake up early

I learnt this 4 years ago after listening to Jocko Willink.

I’m not a morning person. Until now I'm still not.

But I force myself to rise early most days.

Knowing you’ve accomplished more than others by the morning is a good feeling.

It sets you up right.
2. Lift weights

Everyone in a competitive field should engage in some form of intense physical activity.

For me I lift weights 5-6x a week. But it could be any sport.

It teaches you valuable lessons like:

- showing up consistently
- putting in the reps
- pushing past boredom
Read 36 tweets
21 Oct
How to read an Annual Report in 1 hour.

A step by step guide for busy people:
Context:

This is NOT the best way to read an annual report.

It's just how I do it with limited time, while holding my 9-5 job.

I will use "10K / Annual report" interchangeably.

I'll also share some other great guides to reading a 10K at the bottom of this thread:
1. Be clear on your intention

First, why are you reading the 10K?.

"Understanding the business" is a terrible answer. It's too broad.

You will end up reading passively.

Because you don't know what to look for.
Read 19 tweets
20 Oct
Amazon, Costco, Southwest.

These 3 great companies have 1 thing in common:

A low price strategy.

Here's 5 frameworks to help you invest in "low pricing business models":

Distilled from one of the world's top pricing strategists
1. Low price from Day 1

For this to work, low pricing must be built into their business model.

These companies value things like:

- Frugality
- Process efficiency
- Strong procurement from suppliers

It's part of their DNA since the start.
1b. Low pricing also starts from the leadership and culture.

From the type of car the CEO drives...

To the furniture in the office

(think of Jeff Bezos making tables out of wooden doors in the early days of AMZN)...

It sends a message to the employees:

We keep costs low!
Read 12 tweets
20 Oct
More than a year back, I came across this lesson from Buffett in one of his annual meetings.

It forever changed the way I sized my positions.

My portfolio returns improved thereafter:
“When we look at the future of businesses we look at riskiness as being sort of a go/ no-go valve.

If we think that we simply don't know what's going to
happen in the future, that doesn't mean it's risky for everyone.

It means it's risky for us.
In that case, we just give up.

We don't try to predict those things.

We don't say, "Well, we don't know what's going to happen. Therefore, we'll discount some cash flows that we don't even know at 9% instead of 7%.
Read 5 tweets

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