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Alexander Stahel 🌻 Profile picture
@BurggrabenH
Nov 5, 2021 • 12 tweets • 5 min read • Read on X
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High European gas prices has many reasons but one factor seems to be Gazprom's low storage fill in Europe. Is that really true? Let us look at the facts of @Gazprom's storage situation in Europe. 1/...

#EU #NaturalGas
Friendly reminder: The EU imports 33% of its natural gas consumption from Russia, i.e. Gazprom! So if gas is short in Europe, Gazprom does matter. 2/...
So can we measure the storage percentage fill of Gazprom? Yes, once we identified its locations. Specifically, they are Rehden, Etzel, Jemgum, Katharina in Germany, Haidach in Austria, Bergermeer in NL, Damborice in Czech & Banatski Dvor in Serbia. 3/..

Source: Gazprom
The result: Gazprom storage in Western Europe is 24.6% filled as of 5/11/2021. As they say: thanks for nothing!

Note: we do not have data for Serbia & Czech. But it is irrelavant. The big 3 - Rehden, Haidach & Bergermeer matter. 4/...
How do the "big 3" screen for seasonality?

Rehden: 9.4%

5/..
Haiden (Austria): 2%

Pro Memoria: Austria is the gas hub of Central & Eastern Europe - 80 million people.

6/...
Bergermeer (Netherlands): 30%

Pro Memoria: The Netherlands are the gas hub of Western Europe (TTF = Title Transfer Facility) = (Henry Hub role in US). Think: what happened when Cushing wasn't able to clear last spring etc.

7/..
Which leads me to Groningen which produes at constrained 8.5bcm in 2021; capable of 20bcm? Size of EU gas market: 470bcm in 2019, ie 4.2%? This SWING producer (like Ghawar) must continue geopolitically. Period.
8/
@billpowers1970 @markrutte @vonderleyen
Counting on more LNG imports? Well, LNG is highly sought after globally. As the global link of local markets, it accelerates gas price convergence. LNG is already 50% of global gas trade & will continue to grow as long as China tries to replace its coal input.
9/...
Having doubts on price convergence? Since January 2020, Asian LNG prices (quotes as JKM or Japan-Korea Cargo Swaps) have basically converged with EU TTF prices. The link? LNG imports. 10/..

Source: Burggraben analysis; Bloomberg
Of course, other factors mattered too. For instance EU regulators. They pushed to abandon Oil-Gas Linked contracts during times of high oil prices (pre-2014) to protect consumers. Result: Gazprom trades 80% GOG - Gas to Gas Price today (i.e. by d/s market forces). 11/...
End of thread. Please share. Thx

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More from @BurggrabenH

Alexander Stahel 🌻 Profile picture
Nov 3
Let's talk China: Episode 5 of 7

In this episode, we discuss China's 2nd of 5 economic paths it can follow.

This episode will also focus on Xi the leader. To understand Xi means to better understand China's economic path forward.

1/n #China Image
Can China replace malinvestment with more consumption?

Answer: Maybe a little bit & over a long time frame, but President Xi does not want to focus on this path. Instead, he wants to implement his socialist utopia.

2/n Image
Yes, China’s rising entrepreneurs were welcomed by the Communist Party for at least two decades. But all of that is in reverse.

Under Xi Jinping, China has moved full circle: from low growth & low freedom in the pre-reform era back towards something similar today.

3/n Image
Read 7 tweets
Alexander Stahel 🌻 Profile picture
Oct 29
Let's talk China, shall we? Episode 4 of 7

In this episode, we discuss China's investment-led growth model & the first of 5 economic paths China can follow.

As you would expect, also this episode is full of Chinese characteristics!

1/n #China Image
Starting in 1990s, China’s economic engine has been fueled by capital investments.

Its central planning bureau defined GDP targets, picked winners and drove growth from debt-driven capital formations (green line).

2/n Image
Has any other nation tried this before, ever? Not to our knowledge.

We checked at ALL G20 economies and their respective growth models for past 70 years. 45% capital formation share is a unique experiment in economic history.

3/n Image
Read 6 tweets
Alexander Stahel 🌻 Profile picture
Oct 20
Let's talk China, shall we?

Over the past 3 years, we made some controversial calls in commodities. We decided to exit our oil holding in Aug 2022, we went short natgas in early 2023 or called for copper to go lower in May.

Why? Because we have an egde on China.

1/n #China Image
Yes, mainstream media picked up pace on important issues facing China today.

Most came to understand that the property bubble burst, that the economy is slowing, that geopolitical frictions are emerging, that there is too much debt.

But do they understand the underlying forces that drive these issues?

2/n
While the majority of these facts are known, most Western observers, investors & industrialists do not fully appreciate their interdependence & the structural changes that are unfolding in China today.

For too long, the CCP had their back.

3/n
Read 10 tweets
Alexander Stahel 🌻 Profile picture
Sep 21
Pre-2020, Gold had one marginal buyer, that being gold-backed ETFs.

Today, gold has at least 3 marginal buyers that can overlap or alternate each other. They are:

- Gold backed Western ETFs (which buy, sell or hold based on US real rates);

- Central Banks seeking higher gold reserves (China; India; Thailand; Vietnam; Qatar, KSA or even Poland) for geopolitical & other reasons;

- Chinese & other Asian wholesale or retail market participants and professional speculators;

Who bought most last? India!

Why? The government cut import duties on gold by 9% at end of July, triggering a renewed surge in demand. “The impact of the duty cut was unprecedented, it was incredible,” said Philip Newman, managing director of Metals Focus in London. “It really brought consumers in.”

At least for now, there seems to be always somebody.

1/nImage
Note however that Chinese retail buying has slowed down recently, as best illustrated by the Shanghai gold premium over international prices.

I will elaborate on the Chinese retail clients more soon.

2/n Image
However, professional Chinese speculators have increased their futures positions somewhat again. Who is the better indicator of what comes next, retail or the pros? IDK

3/3 Thx Image
Read 5 tweets
Alexander Stahel 🌻 Profile picture
Sep 4
In 2023, I said I will tweet less about oil and I will stick to this promise but today I make an exception and will break the promise as we enter a period of more volatility for oil...

So let's talk about OPEC and Saudi market share. It's decision making time.

1/n
Step by step:

The Saudis decided to keep oil from falling <$75 for 2y by cutting overproportionally in their OPEC+ quota context.

They have cap for 12mbpd but produce 9mbpd. It was 10.5mbpd in 2022. Pick a number but they are 15-20% below their fair share.

2/n Image
Why did they do so?

Likely because of bad advisers. There is a whole crew of supply gloomers out there charging clients money to claim the Permian or US shale is about to roll over.

Well, it isn't.

3/n US weekly DOE crude oil Image
Read 14 tweets
Alexander Stahel 🌻 Profile picture
Jun 18
Let me share some real time data on the EU natgas market that are hard to get.

European gas consumption for 28 countries matches last's years to the cubic meter (Oct 2022 - Oct 2023 = Year 2022).

However, consumption remains 17% below 2019/20 season.

Is there a supply issue? Rubbish. The global LNG market is oversupplied from every corner; EU storages will be filled by end of Aug where we sit. We have too much gas.

#TTF 1/4 (in mcm/day and YTD)Image
Three factors matter why there is less consumption vs 2019/20 season:

1) Milder weather: 70% of total consumption is temperature related. Temperatures are milder, thus Europe consumes 14% less vs 2019/20.

Is that permenant? It sure looks like a trend where I sit. But climate scientists can answer that best.

Households Consumption; 2/4Image
2) Less power generation: Europe replaces more and more natgas in the grid with solar & wind and in the case of France with better capacity utilisation of its nuclear fleet. That adds up...!

Selected Power Consumption: 7 countries; 3/4 Image
Read 4 tweets

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