Isaakios was born around 1155. While his mother's name or his father's identity are unclear, what is certain is that his maternal grandfather was Isaakios Komnenos, son of Byzantine Emperor Joannes and his wife, Piroska (Eirene) of Hungary. 1/10
In 1143, on his deathbed Emperor Joannes nominated as heir his younger son, Manuel, although Isaakios was older. The relation between the brothers, Manuel and Isaakios, appear to have been contentious after the younger one became Emperor. 2/10
In 1174, Emperor Manuel send his grand nephew, Isaakios, to govern Cilicia. But this got him into conflict with the Principality of Armenia, who captured and imprisoned him. With the Emperor's death in 1180, his connection with Constantinople and chance for freedom weakened. 3/10
But his future brightened when Andronikos Komnenos effectively usurped Emperor Manuel's son, Alexios, from the throne. Theodora, the mistress of Andronikos and aunt of Isaakios, secured his release. However, Isaakios did not return to Constantinople. 4/10
Instead he went to Cyprus with a forged letter claiming to be the island's new Governor and took control of the island. In 1184, he declared himself to be the new Emperor. Andronikos, in the mean time, had his hands full in Constantinople. 5/10
In 1185, Andronikos had been killed and Isaakios Angelos was the new Emperor. Angelos dispatched a fleet to retrieve Cyprus, but they were captured by Margaritone of Brindisi. Isaakios managed to hold on to Cyprus, for the time being. 6/10
This changed in 1191 when soldiers from the west shipwrecked onto the island during a storm on the way to Levant. They were soon followed by Queen Joan of Sicily and Princess Berenguela of Navarre, sister and fiancé of King Richard of England. 7/10
Seeing his close ones in peril, King Richard soon followed. Before long Isaakios was captured and Cyprus was under new management. Isaakios was given as prisoner to the Knights Hospitallers, while the Knights Templar bought Cyprus. 8/10
The Knights Templar could not pay up for Cyprus and so, returned the island to Richard. The King then gave it another try. This time former King of Jerusalem came forward. Guy de Lusignan became the Lord of Cyprus in 1192 and after his death, his brother was crowned King. 9/10
Isaakios was freed around 1194. When Emperor Isaakios Angelos was deposed by his elder brother, Alexios, Isaakios launched a bid to seize the throne with the help of the Sultanate of Rûm, but the plan was a non starter because Isaakios died soon, likely poisoned. 10/10
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Guy de Lusignan was born around 1150 to Hugues de Lusignan, Lord of Lusignan and Bourgogne de Rancon as the sixth of their seven sons. By 1168, Guy's eldest brother, Hugues, had died and the elder Hugues captured in battle in the Levant at Harim in 1164. 1/10
Lusignan was part of the vast Duchy of Aquitaine then ruled by Duchess Eleonore and her husband, King Henri of England. Geoffrey, another elder brother of Guy, attempted to acquire more land but was dealt with, harshly, by King Henri. 2/10
William Marshal was born around 1147 to John FitzGilbert, Master Marshal of the English King's household, and Sibyl de Salisbury, daughter of the Earl of Salisbury. It was a tumultous time in England with the Anarchy in full flow. 1/10
Initially loyal to King Etienne, John FitzGilbert switched to Empress Matilda's side during the civil war. In 1152, after FitzGilbert's castle at Newbury was besieged by the King, young William, then his father's fourth and youngest son, was given away as a hostage. 2/10
John d'Anjou was born in 1166 as the youngest child of Henri d'Anjou, King of England, and Eleonore d'Aquitaine, Duchess of Aquitaine. As his parents' fourth son to reach adulthood, a regnal role was unlikely in the offing for Prince John. 1/10
King Henri also ruled over Normandy, Anjou and Maine. When his third son, Geoffrey, married Constance de Bretagne, Duchess of Brittany, it brought a large part of France under Angevin control. But Prince John was unlikely to inherit any of his parents' domains. 2/10
When India reorganized its states based on language - The state of Kerala was formed today, among others, when former princely states of Thiruvithaankoor (Travancore) and Kochi (Cochin) were joined with Malabar district of Madras state. 1/2
Tamil speaking parts of Travancore were transferred to Madras, while part of South Kanara district was added to the newly formed state. Lakshadweep islands were spun off into a union territory directly ruled by centre (Which is still the case). 2/2
Threads on how Karnataka was formed out of multiple states
Flavius Iulius Crispus was born around 303 to Flavius Valerius Constantinus and Minervina. His grandfather, Constantius, was Caesar of West, working out of Augusta Treverorum (Trier). In 305, Constantius was promoted to Augustus of West after Diocletian & Maximian abdicated. 1/10
Constantius died in 306, making Flavius Valerius Severus, who had become the Caesar of West in 305, the new Augustus. But the troops of Constantius proclaimed his son, Constantine, as Augustus. With a civil war in the offing, Constantine was named the new Caesar of the West. 2/10
Hērakleios was born around 575 to Hērakleios and Epiphania. It is likely Hērakleios had Armenian ancestry, though the Kingdom of Armenia had been divided up by the Roman Empire and Sasanian Persian Empire over a century earlier. 1/10
The Roman Empire had seen a period of expansion and decline before Hērakleios was born and was in deep financial stress. Mauricius, who became Augustus in 582 and married his predecessor's daughter, was able to reverse some of the Empire's earlier military defeats. 2/10