If you’re wondering what difference a booster makes.
Real-world data out of England on booster effectiveness shows OVER 90% vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection when comparing boosted vaccinated individuals to unvaccinated individuals.
•When comparing VE of boosters vs. a primary two-dose series as a baseline, the booster ADDED 81-85% protection against symptomatic infection. That is ON TOP of what one already has from their primary two-dose series.
This is where the support for boosters has come in and it seems to fall in line with the data out of Pfizer’s booster study I previously highlighted regarding 95.6% effectiveness against symptomatic infection vs. primary two-dose series.
•The second thing is that data shows tremendous support for heterologous doses for AstraZeneca and Pfizer. I have been asked about this mix a lot so it’s good to have the data in hand. You can see D2 being Dose 2 or
“pre-boost” and then how adding a Pfizer booster dose increased VE to 93.1%! That’s pretty HIGH and the highest AstraZeneca has seen against symptomatic infection on its own. For those of you who had Pfizer, the news is positive for you too. A booster of Pfizer on top of your
primary two-dose series increases to a VE of 94% against symptomatic infection! We knew that heterologous doses were advantageous and produced an optimal immune response, but if you have homologous doses, don’t fret either. There are still questions we don’t have the answers to
at the moment. For one, we don’t know how long the VE for the boost holds up or who would benefit most from boosters in the future or how frequently. If I had to guess, I would think that after we make it through the harsher winter months, and the most vulnerable in populations
are protected, that we could possibly see this become a yearly vaccine that is no different from an influenza vaccine schedule or something of the like. No one knows that just yet. bbc.com/news/health-59…
What we do know is that protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death is sustained well beyond six months. You can read my previous threads on that matter (or let me know if I need to link you) and you can read: bbc.com/news/health-59….
For those who have previously had COVID and are fully vaccinated, it has been shown you likely do not need a booster just yet unless you are considered high-risk. miamiherald.com/news/coronavir…
So, for the rest of us, what's the point of boosters? Preventing infections. Controlling transmission. If we CAN prevent infections in the most vulnerable populations, that’s a huge win and boosters seem to allow us to do just that. Prevention is key.
As I have said before, I cannot “make” anyone get a vaccine. I can only give you the data to make an informed decision. This is what we are looking at regarding the impact of boosters. Please do see my other study threads as well. H/T Image: @PaulMainwood

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More from @sailorrooscout

22 Nov
A study out of Northwestern University shows post-booster antibody levels not only exceeded antibody levels documented after natural infection with COVID-19, but after two doses of vaccine, AND levels after both natural infection AND vaccination as well.

Let’s talk about that!🧵
Here, researchers measured anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and surrogate virus neutralization of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor, before and after COVID-19 boosters in healthy adults. Image
Participants e-consented and completed online surveys regarding COVID-19 viral history and vaccination status. Finger stick dried blood spot (DBS) samples were self-collected prior to booster administration and 6-10 days after receiving mRNA booster vaccine (paired samples).
Read 14 tweets
19 Nov
Speaking from personal experience as I just went online to check for myself, you can just book a booster shot at any pharmacy. They don’t really care about who’s eligible. If you want one, get one. You’re not taking it out of someone’s arm. They’re throwing vaccines away.
It is likely we are going to see the loosely defined restrictions drop today, as they have been increasingly confusing for most and everyone 18+ will be allowed to get a COVID-19 booster.
There we go. FDA clears Moderna and Pfizer's Covid vaccine booster shots for ALL U.S. adults. Just like that. cnbc.com/2021/11/19/fda…
Read 7 tweets
15 Nov
I’m seeing a lot of confusion today. Would it help if I composed a thread on boosters? I do have some real-world data that may be helpful.

Also, good morning! ☀️
THREAD ON BOOSTERS 🧵
There seems to be a lot of confusion today regarding the subject of boosters so let’s see if I can make this a little bit easier to understand so that you can make an informed decision. Let’s do this.
To start off, new real-world data out of England on booster effectiveness shows OVER 90% vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection when comparing boosted vaccinated individuals to unvaccinated individuals. Most have probably seen the headline that boosters will be
Read 14 tweets
14 Nov
Yes, the vaccines ARE effective against the Delta variant. Yes, you will want both doses for maximum protection. Yes, they’re effective against preventing symptomatic infection, severe disease, AND hospitalization. Several studies have proven this now. Stop the misinformation.
Also, yes, this does include Johnson & Johnson. Why are variants unlikely to FULLY evade vaccine-induced immunity?
•Vaccines are polyclonal (Abs)
•CD8+ T-cells covering 52 epitopes across the spike protein
•CD4+ T-cells covering 23 epitopes across the spike protein
Real-world data out of Ontario, Canada regarding vaccine effectiveness (reduction associated with full vaccination) shows:

•Against Infection: 82.5%
•Against Hospitalization: 91.8%
•Against ICU Admission: 97.2%

Delta is currently the most prevalent variant in Ontario.
Read 14 tweets
12 Nov
“Breakthrough” infections DO NOT mean vaccines don’t work. Remember, they are preventives NOT cures. One can still contract COVID once vaccinated. As long as that vaccine is preventing you from facing severe disease and worse, it IS working and doing what it was designed to do.🧵
Regarding the concerns about waning immunity. Please remember, this is likely referring to infection. NOT effectiveness against symptomatic infection, NOT effectiveness against severe illness. While neutralizing antibodies decrease over time (as they ARE supposed to) protective
immunity provided by memory B-cells and T-cells is STILL present. Remember: Immunological memory consists of antibodies, memory B-cells, memory CD8+ T-cells, and memory CD4+ T-cells. These responses give us enduring protection even against newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Read 14 tweets
11 Nov
Fantastic news for your day. Rates of COVID-19 cases, patient numbers, hospital admissions, AND deaths are now ALL falling in England. Week-on-week infections have now dropped for 18 days straight AND cases are falling in ALL age groups.
Read more here: ft.com/content/e11add…. This article also gives a great analysis on the rest of Europe and shows in well-vaccinated countries like the Netherlands and the UK, while cases have climbed close to past peaks, hospitalizations AND deaths remain at LOWER levels.
Keep in mind, this is with no new measures currently implemented in England. Vaccinations, boosters, and acquired/hybrid immunity are doing the heavy lifting here as they should!💪💥
Read 4 tweets

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