Okay, so, nearly every state has a court of last resort that is styled that state's "Supreme Court."
- But not New York ๐ โ
As you may know, their highest court is the "New York State Court of Appeals." But do you know why?
Todayโs mini โ๏ธ ๐งต has the story . . .
New York has itself a Supreme Court and itโs old. Like, real old. It dates back to 1691. ๐ฒ
Originally called the "Supreme Court of Judicatureโ ๐๏ธ (best court name ever), it had jurisdiction over criminal and civil pleas and could hear appeals from local courts.
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But its Justices did not necessarily supply the final word. Pre-Revolution, one could take an appeal to the ๐ in London.
Post-revolution . . . we needed a new plan. ๐ซ๐ฌ๐ง
So we got the "Court for the Trial of Impeachments & Corrections of Errors" - okay *that's* the best name.
But that Court was bananas, as it consisted of - get this -
- the President of the New York Senate,
- the New York Senators,
- members of the Supreme Court, and
- the New York Chancellor.
๐คฏ
Well, over time, New Yorkers agreed. The 1846 Constitution ๐ divided impeachments from the review of cases on appeal, establishing 2 separate courts:
- A Court for the Trials of Impeachments, and
- A Court of Appeals
Hence, the New York State Court of Appeals was born. โ๏ธ
And it lives on today. The Court of Appeals is the highest court in the state of New York; it has a Chief Judge and 6 Associate Judges (๐ซJustices).
And the Supreme Court (with its Justices) is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction.
Isn't judicial history marvelous? โค๏ธ
P.S. As a bonus fun fact, do you know what Chief Justice of the United States was also a Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court?
Why your friend and mine, John Jay, who held the position from 1777-79.
P.P.S. As noted at the outset, *nearly* every other state has a court of last resort that is called a "Supreme Court."
For those keeping score at home, Maryland (๐ข) is the other state that has its single highest court referred to as the "Court of Appeals."
โข โข โข
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Coming to you fast is the final chapter in the story of Judge Florence Allen โ including how she became . . .
โด๏ธ The First Woman Appointed to an Article III Court and even shortlisted for the Supreme Court in the 1930s! โด๏ธ
Part II of our epic โ๏ธ๐งต commences now . . .
So when we last left our heroine, Florence Allen had broken a whole lot of glass ceilings. ๐จ
After becoming the ๐ฅ woman in the country to be elected to a court of general jurisdiction (the court of common pleas) . . .
she became the ๐ฅ woman elected to a State Supreme Court!
Florence served on the Supreme Court of Ohio for 11 years, earning a reputation for being a stellar jurist.๐
As one commentator put it, Florence was "entitled to prominence" not because she was the 1st woman but "rather because of her unusually clear and up-to-date thinking.โ๐ฉโโ๏ธ
Who is in the mood to hear the story of the โญ๏ธFirst Woman Article III Judgeโญ๏ธ?
Cuz I am sure in the mood to tell it!
Tonight we meet Judge Florence Allen โ a true pathbreaker! (She served on the Ohio Supreme Court *and* the 6th Circuit!)
Mini โ๏ธ๐งตall about her in 3...2...1...
Let's do the basics first:
Florence Ellinwood Allen was born in 1884.
She graduated at age 20 from what is today Case Western Reserve & then - being a true Renaissance woman - went to Germany ๐ฉ๐ช to study ๐น, almost becoming a professional pianist!
(Florence had skills.)
But, luckily for us, she changed course & turned to law.โ๏ธ
(Not to worry โ she kept up her love of ๐ต and even was a music critic for the amazingly-named Cleveland Plain Dealer ๐ฐ for awhile!)
Florence decided to attend law school ... but her alma mater wouldnโt admit women.๐ โโ๏ธ
I have been waiting *all day* to tell you the story of Sarah T. Hughes โ
1st woman federal judge in Texas, 3rd in the federal judiciary as a whole, and the only woman to have sworn in a U.S. President (as you might recall). ๐
Let the thread commence...
(โ๏ธ๐งต)
Sarah Tilghman was born in 1896 in Baltimore. โ๏ธ
After college, she spent 2 years teaching science - in her words, "about the only thing a girl could do at that time was to teach school."
She then enrolled at @gwlaw and attended at night, commuting by . . . canoe (!). ๐ถ
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By canoe?! (you might ask). By canoe! (I say).
You see, Sarah lived on the other side of the Pataomac in a tent. โบ๏ธ And so naturally, she commuted by canoe.
And if all that wasn't cool enough, during this period she served as a member of the DC police force during the day. ๐ฎโโ๏ธ
As you know, the Supreme Court Justices have had their current building only since 1935.
This leads to a gripping question: Where were those guys for the first 146 years!? ๐ค
What do you say we take a little road trip together to find out? ๐ Iโll drive . . .
(โ๏ธ๐งต)
First stop โ New York City! ๐
The Supreme Court was born in 1789 (thanks to the Judiciary Act of that year) and lived, ever so briefly, in the Royal Exchange Building right here. ๐
(It wasn't the fanciest of beginnings - the Royal Exchange was a covered marketplace . . . )
Bonus Fun Fact: Before the Court convened, the federal court for the District of New York sat in the building on Nov. 3, 1789 โ making it the 1st federal court to sit under the new Constitution!๐ฅ
Their first business? Admitting lawyers to the bar, including Aaron Burr (Sir).โญ๏ธ