Who is in the mood to hear the story of the ⭐️First Woman Article III Judge⭐️?

Cuz I am sure in the mood to tell it!

Tonight we meet Judge Florence Allen – a true pathbreaker! (She served on the Ohio Supreme Court *and* the 6th Circuit!)

Mini ⚖️🧵all about her in 3...2...1... Image
Let's do the basics first:

Florence Ellinwood Allen was born in 1884.

She graduated at age 20 from what is today Case Western Reserve & then - being a true Renaissance woman - went to Germany 🇩🇪 to study 🎹, almost becoming a professional pianist!

(Florence had skills.) Image
But, luckily for us, she changed course & turned to law.⚖️

(Not to worry – she kept up her love of 🎵 and even was a music critic for the amazingly-named Cleveland Plain Dealer 📰 for awhile!)

Florence decided to attend law school ... but her alma mater wouldn’t admit women.🙅‍♀️
Not one to be deterred, our gal Florence enrolled at @UChicagoLaw in 1909, where she was the only woman out of 100 1Ls.😲

By the end of winter quarter, she was ranked 2nd in her class!🥈

But, finding the environment “inhospitable” to women, she transferred to @nyulaw . . .
Since @nyulaw had been admitting women since 1890 (good job, y’all), she found it just a wee bit friendlier (sorry, Chicago). 🤷‍♀️

Florence again blazed a trail and graduated second in her L.L.B. class in 1913. 🔥

Despite her stellar credentials, no NY firm would hire her ... 😠 Image
So Florence moved back to Ohio . . . where no Cleveland firm would hire her. 😡

But no matter – Florence once again blazed her own path. 🔥

In 1919, she became an assistant prosecutor in Cuyahoga County – making her the 1st woman to hold such a rank in the entire country! 🥇
But Florence was just getting started ...

The next year, after the 19th Amend. was ratified 🙋‍♀️, “enthusiastic suffragists” helped elect her to the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas ...

making Florence the 1st woman elected to a court of general jurisdiction in the nation!👩‍⚖️ Image
Now this is *priceless.*

Florence’s fellow judges suggested she confine her judging to "domestic disputes.”🤨

Florence (who never married), said, thanks but no thanks, noting that unlike her colleagues, she didn’t have sufficient expertise in the “domestic domain.”

(❤️ her) Image
To quote RBG in an article quoting Florence:

“When women of intelligence recognize their share in and their responsibility for the courts, a powerful moral backing is secured for the administration of justice." ⚖️

(Did I mention we ❤️ her?)
Clearly Florence was just getting started.

Cuz our gal still needs to make it to the Ohio Supreme Court & the 6th Circuit & get shortlisted for the Supreme Court (bet you didn’t see that coming!).

With so much ground to cover, we'll pick up the 🧵later this week ... until then!
Who am I kidding? Let’s keep talking about Florence ...

So, our gal was on the trial court for 20 months & heard some amazing cases. One trial led to the conviction of a mob boss for murder & she received death threats!😨

In the words of RBG, the judge carried on, undeterred.
Florence was so undeterred that she decided to set her sights higher, and, in 1922, she ran for a spot on the Supreme Court of Ohio. ⚖️

Who helped her? The women of Ohio who organized Florence Allen Clubs all over the state! 🙆‍♀️

AND SHE WON! 🎉
Okay now this is amazing. According to RBG, Florence earned the accolade

⭐️Portia of the Prairies ⭐️

for becoming the first woman to serve on any state’s highest court.

Shakespeare + Judicial History = ❤️

(And the rest of our tale will follow in the morrow!) Image
And the story concludes here . . . 👇

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More from @marinklevy

19 Oct
Coming to you fast is the final chapter in the story of Judge Florence Allen – including how she became . . .

✴️ The First Woman Appointed to an Article III Court and even shortlisted for the Supreme Court in the 1930s! ✴️

Part II of our epic ⚖️🧵 commences now . . . Image
So when we last left our heroine, Florence Allen had broken a whole lot of glass ceilings. 🔨

After becoming the 🥇 woman in the country to be elected to a court of general jurisdiction (the court of common pleas) . . .

she became the 🥇 woman elected to a State Supreme Court!
Florence served on the Supreme Court of Ohio for 11 years, earning a reputation for being a stellar jurist.🌟

As one commentator put it, Florence was "entitled to prominence" not because she was the 1st woman but "rather because of her unusually clear and up-to-date thinking.”👩‍⚖️ Image
Read 17 tweets
17 Sep
Is it time? ⏲️

I have been waiting *all day* to tell you the story of Sarah T. Hughes –

1st woman federal judge in Texas, 3rd in the federal judiciary as a whole, and the only woman to have sworn in a U.S. President (as you might recall). 👇

Let the thread commence...

(⚖️🧵)
Sarah Tilghman was born in 1896 in Baltimore. ☀️

After college, she spent 2 years teaching science - in her words, "about the only thing a girl could do at that time was to teach school."

She then enrolled at @gwlaw and attended at night, commuting by . . . canoe (!). 🛶

(2/x)
By canoe?! (you might ask). By canoe! (I say).

You see, Sarah lived on the other side of the Pataomac in a tent. ⛺️ And so naturally, she commuted by canoe.

And if all that wasn't cool enough, during this period she served as a member of the DC police force during the day. 👮‍♀️
Read 12 tweets
15 Sep
As you know, the Supreme Court Justices have had their current building only since 1935.

This leads to a gripping question: Where were those guys for the first 146 years!? 🤔

What do you say we take a little road trip together to find out? 🚗 I’ll drive . . .

(⚖️🧵)
First stop – New York City! 🍎

The Supreme Court was born in 1789 (thanks to the Judiciary Act of that year) and lived, ever so briefly, in the Royal Exchange Building right here. 👇

(It wasn't the fanciest of beginnings - the Royal Exchange was a covered marketplace . . . ) Image
Bonus Fun Fact: Before the Court convened, the federal court for the District of New York sat in the building on Nov. 3, 1789 – making it the 1st federal court to sit under the new Constitution!🥇

Their first business? Admitting lawyers to the bar, including Aaron Burr (Sir).⭐️
Read 15 tweets
22 Jun
I think everyone knows that Bob Katzmann was an extraordinary judge (👨‍⚖️) and a true mensch (♥️).

But do you know that he also made huge contributions to judicial administration? Ready to hear all about it? Well, have I got a court thread for you . . . (⚖️🧵) (1/x)
Let’s begin with a relationship problem – and the 2 players in this part of the story are Congress and the Courts (💕). Their problem, as with most couples, had to do with communication.

(Though unlike with most couples, theirs was all about judges interpreting statutes.) (2/x)
Specifically, as Judge Henry Friendly (❤️) once wrote about the “problems posed by defective draftsmanship”

(way to point the finger, Henry👉)

we see “the occasional statute in which the legislature has succeeded in literally saying something it probably did not mean.” (3/x)
Read 18 tweets
11 Jun
So today is my 40th birthday. 🎂 But enough about me! 😉 I want to talk about another birthday girl - this amazing woman right here, Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Amalya L. Kearse. (mini ⚖️🧵)
A little background: Amalya Kearse was born in @NJGov in 1937 to Myra L. Smith and Robert Freeman Kearse. Myra was a pathmarker in her own right – she was a physician, having been the only woman in her graduating class at Howard University College of Medicine. 🩺 (2/x)
Amalya attended @Wellesley, where she majored in philosophy. (♥️) She then went to @UMichLaw (Go Blue!) – where she was the only black woman in her law school class – and graduated cum laude and was on the famed @michlawreview. (3/x)
Read 8 tweets
24 May
On this week’s episode of Judicial History, I give you intrigue, I give you animosity btw judges, I give you a cameo by Alexander Burr, I give you romance . . . er, sorry, there’s no romance. But who needs romance when we have . . .⭐️The Origin Story of Visiting Judges⭐️

(⚖️🧵)
Let’s begin by setting the scene . . . 🎭

Each year most COAs are “visited” by other judges—district judges, other circuit judges, and judges from the Court of International Trade. These judges “sit by designation” and last year helped to decide over 3,000 cases. (!) 🤯 (2/x)
How did this fascinating practice begin? How is it that a judge who is nominated & confirmed for one particular seat can sit on another court and decide a case for that court? (E.g., how does Judge Rakoff, a judge from SDNY, decide cases for the 9th Circuit?)

- HOW? -

(3/x)
Read 15 tweets

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