Teutonic Knights were focused on the Holy Land more than on the Baltic while the crusades in outremer still lasted. Their headquarters were at Acre until it fell at 1291, then they moved them to Venice until 1309 because Venice was the main port for crusaders to go to Holy Land.
It was only after 1309 that they moved the headquarters to Marienburg in the Baltic when the project of the crusades in the Holy Land was definitely over for good and when they saw what happened to Templars.
They went to the Baltic after being invited by the Poles and were in Transylvania fighting against the Cumans before that. Later on Baltic became a popular destination for crusaders because it was close to Western Europe. It was never meant to be the main goal of their order.
The reason why they established their state in Prussia where they had arrived in 1226 is because they didn't want the situation from Transylvania to repeat itself where they successfully fought against the Cumans and built fortresses but were soon expelled by local nobility.
So when they arrived to the Baltic they forced a guarantee that whatever they conquered from the pagans would be their territory, and ultimately built their own monastic state there. But the Order was focused on crusading elsewhere all the while.
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Today 25 November is anniversary of the Portuguese conquest of Goa in 1510 in far away land of India! A fierce and chaotic battle in which the Portuguese led by Afonso de Albuquerque fought with immense bravery against the forces of the mighty sultan of Bijapur Yusuf Adil Shah!
The Portuguese had already established themselves as a major force in this part of the world, having won the decisive battle of Diu in 1509 against the coalition of local powers, crippling the Mamluk Sultanate and the Gujarat Sultanate and enforcing Christian presence in area.
The Portuguese ships instilled great terror in these far away seas! The Portuguese warriors were well armed and led by very capable and brutal men like Francisco de Almeida and Afonso de Albuquerque, men who did not shy away from using cruelty to terrify their enemies!
In the medieval and the renaissance era, women often assisted the defenders when their cities were under siege and it sometimes became a source of great legends! Here are some notable examples off the top of my head from this time period... (thread)
Most notable example is probably the "Order of the Hatchet", a honorary order given to the women of Tortosa in Aragon who defended their city against the Moors in 1149. The order was named like this because women used improvised weapons like hatchets! Emblem of this female order:
The city of Tortosa had just recently been conquered by the crusader armies led by Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona but as his forces moved to fight elsewhere, the city's defense was reduced in strength and women put on men's clothes and had to fight.
There was no retirement for the ancient noble warriors! I will compile in this thread examples of European commanders who died on the battlefield fighting at a very old age, very inspiring read about displays of true courage that never grew old!
While the warrior knights often trained as hard as athletes, they were even more than just athletes. For many of them, there was no retirement and fought hard even in the old age, always seeking that glorious death on the battlefield.
Even as old commanders many did not just command units around in battles, they often died in battles themselves, leading their armies like the true inspiring veterans that they were, commanding immense respect among their men!
There is a lot of anti-Habsburg hypocrisy in the sense that they're accused of being "expansionist" while in reality their historic Central European rivals also wanted to expand. This comment inspired me to finally do a thread on this I wanted to for a long time.
If you look at history, the Habsburg possessions in Central Europe were united truly organically and after a long process where local ancient traditions were largely preserved as were the cultures of common people living under this vast realm.
It should also be noted that both Bohemia and Hungary also came close to unifying lands in Central Europe at one point. Historically, there was a push to unite Central Europe from different sides and Habsburgs were simply the ones who finally achieved it.
Carolus Magnus would have hated France because it was the biggest enemy of the Empire he created. He would have fought against if under the Imperial eagle.
A lot of people blinded by some 19th century romantic nationalism here, the fact is that Carolus Magnus was the Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum) and the future Emperors of the Romans who continued his legacy fought against France.
If you put Carolus Magnus into later middle ages he would be like, "King of France, what is that?" and then he would see Holy Roman Empire and say "Yes, Emperor of the Romans, he is my heir". This is why when Carolus Magnus was canonized it was seen as pro-HRE and not pro-French.
A thread about the Swabian League (1488-1534)! This was a military league established on the territory of the ancient Imperial stem duchy of Swabia supported by the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. It comprised more than 26 cities and many nobles, knights, and prelates!
The Swabian League shows how inside the Holy Roman Empire different alliances and leagues often developed to protect their territories and trade from external and internal aggressors. A precedent in Swabia was already set in 14th century when Swabian League of Cities was born.
The 1488-1534 Swabian League is an interesting case as it went through a very turbulent period of history of the Holy Roman Empire as it went through massive social, military and religious change. The Swabian League encountered all of these challenges to protect wealthy Swabia.