A quick word about Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE). Must say, there is nothing to suggest this is operative at present with Sars-COV2 or the vaccines for it, but the historical context is very interesting!
ADE occurs when the antibodies generated during an immune response recognize and bind to a pathogen, but instead of preventing infection, the complex allows easier access of the pathogen into the cell.
When vaccinated individuals fall ill this is but one possibility..
When vaccinated individuals fall ill this is but one possibility..
The other possibilities are :
1. A mild illness (evidence the vaccine worked to prevent more severe disease
2. A breakthrough (a term normally used to describe severe illness that results even after a vaccine, which cld mean the vaxx didnt work, didnt generate enough antibodies)
1. A mild illness (evidence the vaccine worked to prevent more severe disease
2. A breakthrough (a term normally used to describe severe illness that results even after a vaccine, which cld mean the vaxx didnt work, didnt generate enough antibodies)
It is possible to get ADE from an actual pathogen. The Dengue virus has 4 serotypes, an infxn with 1 serotype can generate antibodies that when complexed with a 2nd serotype, don't prevent disease, but allow easier access of the 2nd serotype into cells
Vaccines have caused ADEs in the past as well. Historical versions of RSV and Measles vaccines both caused ADEs and were pulled from the market. The most recent ADE experience comes from the Dengue vaccine.
2016: A dengue vaccine is made to protect against all 4 serotypes at once to hopefully mitigate the known ADE that happens with the Dengue virus. The vaccine was given to 800,000 children in the Philippines. 14 vaccinated children died after encountering Dengue in the community
It is believed ADE was why this happened. The vaccine is now only recommended for children > 9 years old who have been exposed to the virus.
Important: At the moment experts don't believe there is evidence of ADE with Sars-COV2 or its vaccines. Prior infected individuals don't have worse outcomes when they come into contact with Sars-COV2 again & vaccinated ppl exposed to the virus mostly have had a mild course
But this doesn't mean its not a concern for the future with this virus, or future viruses/vaccines to come.
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