Best time to enter zero-cost call ratios or a ladder (shorts at multiple strikes) is when IVs are shooting up combined with mkt going down. Today was a classic example.
If we see the kind of fall we saw today in Nifty keep long leg 100pt OTM and
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short leg atleast 300pts further away and you can increase the ratio higher than 1:3 (you'll have to, to keep it zero-cost). You can make it credit depending on your risk-appetitie and your skill in adjusting these.
So when you enter this you will be net short vega.
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With IVs further shooting up (like it happened today in the afternoon) most likely you'll see a loss on your position due to loss on long leg not compensated by fall in short legs. In fact sometimes your short OTM calls can literally freeze. This is due to the fact
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call-side skew (i.e. call OTM IV minus ATM IV) increases plus your short call's vega hardly comes down(high vol-gamma). Hence a delta profit on these OTMs will be lesser than the vega loss (vega * change in IV and latter has increased).
But given the overall position is
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zero-cost this is just temporary pain and you can adjust by keeping on adding more call-ratio spreads at lower strikes (new ones are shifted lower and without exiting the earlier call-ratios OR just add on to the previous CR but this time make it credit...
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assuming ofcourse you've enough capital!).
Later when market makes a recovery, IVs will drop and short OTMs will result in a fairly large vega profit. Delta of these calls will hurt very little (assuming there isn't a huge pullback) as delta of OTMs goes down with IV
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(i.e. vanna). The OTM calls that may have frozen earlier during the fall will melt, specially on weekly options and if it's a Tuesday/Wednesday, like an ice-cream kept outside mid-day in a Dubai summer! (check how 17200 and 17100ce behaved today).
Just make sure you keep the
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range wider as during high IV periods pull-backs can be quite big as well!
One might think "Oh why not buy put spreads or nakes OTM puts etc" with the huge profit potential they provide BUT how much can you scale such stratgies?
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Can you buy 100lots of those instead of 10lots? In case of call-ratios, in the above scenarios atleast, they can be scaled big in my opinion.
(END)
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#Strangles A little note on getting into strangles in a bear market scenario
If you're an intra-day trader selling delta-neutral strangles on non-expiry days in the morning and holding them till day end then be careful of the following when market is expected to be bearish.
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Given short strangles are short vol trades (-ve vega) the view is not just on benefitting from theta but more importantly on vols going down during the day. So in a bearish scenario when vols are expected to go up with market going down your strangle position
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will get affected in the following way:
- Loss due to vols going up with this being a -ve vega position. There are other vol factors that you'll be short on such as skew (below), convexity of the vol surface and these increase as well affecting the position negatively.
(A little thread) #PnlExplain
Whatever options position one enters it's important to know the risks one is taking and hence where the PnL is coming from. As an example if one is taking delta-neutral strangles (say 2% away OTMs on Nifty weeklies) at market open on a Friday and
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within a couple of hours sees a 5pt reduction in the price of the strangle (with delta still neutral) then the PnL is coming from the following:
Vega - given this is a -ve vega/short vol position a decrease in implied vols of both the OTM options in those couple of hours
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results in a positive Pnl
Theta decay - this is technically the decrease in an option price in a given period of time "keeping all other factors constant".
In all likelihood given the current vol levels, Vega would've driven the 5pt Pnl profit more than theta given +
If you are selling strangles in a bullish, low vol environment keep the following in mind:
Assuming you entered a delta-neutral strangle on an index(Nifty/Bnf), any further upmove on the index will change delta of the strangle, i.e. making
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it -ve, rapidly and more likely to hit SL on the call side. Given vols are already low at entry further decrease in vols contributing to call delta getting supressed is immaterial, i.e. vanna impact is low (check post below on vanna in general), and so
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call delta will mostly only depend on index moves. In other words, your PnL doesn't have a buffer from vanna effect and is exposed solely to index moves and how good is your SL strategy. The Pnl's movement isn't smooth and adjustments become difficult.
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Let’s focus on expiry trading as this is the easier bit compared to trading them on other days or entering positional (which I'll cover in future posts).
First let me quickly mention what I did last Thursday.
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Let’s try to understand what factors impact ratio spreads and how to trade & risk manage them.
As it’s impossible to fit everything into one thread I’m dividing this into two. I’ll cover factors that affect ratio spreads
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in the first part and then discuss how to trade & risk manage them in the second (which I’ll post tomorrow morning). Finally, I’ll discuss the best case scenario to trade them that has a very good risk reward.
A quick (boring) intro:
Ratio spreads (RS): Short OTM/ATM options
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and go long options that are more in the money than the options shorted. Quantity of options shorted are in multiples of quantity of options bought.
Factors that affect ratio spreads:
(super important)
Delta wrt TTE – As we near expiry, delta of OTM option goes down(see pic)
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Thought of posting a primer on stochastic processes that’ll be useful for any future posts on whether deriving Black’s formula for pricing calls/puts (my next post and should be a quick one) or discussing interpolation of vol surfaces (SVI) etc.
This should also help understanding my VIX derivation post better.
Any let's get started.
Any underlying variable, be it a Nifty/BankNifty, USDINR, crude etc, can be represented as a stochastic process with a drift and a diffusion(random) component.
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Think of a stochastic process as a random variable evolving with time OR a collection of random variables that have been gathered at different times (Usually all stochastic processes, expectations are always defined under some probability measure but I’m not touching on
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