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सौम्यरंजन

8 Jan, 23 tweets, 8 min read

Time to spread awareness about a ruler who has been portrayed as the biggest villain in history by Islamic and European historians for a good reason. Let's bust the misconception.
And yes please read the thread without judging him by the name alone. [1/n]

Intro :
If there's someone the Islamic historians loathe and hate the most it was Genghis Khan. Because he was a K@f!r who brought the entire Islamic forces to their knees and laid waste to their heartland. But they do not mention why. [2/n]

Origin:
Let's start from the beginning. The name 'Khan' was initially used by Iranian nomadic tribes for their tribe leaders. It was not a name. It was like a title given to an emperor. What it means is 'Oceanic Ruler'. So the original name of Genghis Khan was Temujin. [3/n]

Childhood:
Temujin was born in 1158 AD in a wealthy family, but when he was around 12 or 13 years old his father was murdered and his family was left to die in the Mongolian harsh lands which survived the harshness barely. [4/n]

Then in this brutal childhood Temujin learnt one thing -'Power triumphs over wealth'. Because his father had wealth but no power and that wealth could not save him from powerful people. He fought hard and learnt the ways of wielding power . [5/n]

Career:
By the time he reached his 40's he had already united the all of the Mongolian tribes who were nomadic and always fighting with each other thanks to politics of China. The Chinese kept them busy with fighting each other for so long. [6/n]

Conquest:
The Chinese were known as Western Xia Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty. The Jin dynasty captured and Crucified Ambaghai, a relative of Temujin before he was born. It's time for payback. [7/n]

By 1209 AD Genghis Khan conquered the Tangut's Xia dynasty then began invading Jin Dynasty in 1211 AD and then he captured and sacked the Beijing city by 1215 AD. Later his Son Ögedei Khan put an end to the Jin in 1234 AD. [8/n]

Invasion of Qara Khitai:
Qara Khitai was known as Western Liao Dynasty. Kuchlug(A Naiman prince) besieged Almaliq, a city belonging to the Karluks, vassals of the Mongol Empire, and killed their ruler Ozar. [9/n]

Ozar was a grandson-in-law to Genghis Khan, Karluk requested aid of Genghis Khan and he sent only 2 tumens(20000) troops to pursue Kuchlung, and they successfully defeated the 30000 troops of Kuchlung and forced him to flee to Afghanistan. [10/n]

In 2018, Hunters captured Kuchlung and handed him over to the Mongol empire and they beheaded Kuchlung. Which put an end to Qara Khitai and it allowed Genghis Khan to deal with Khwarazmian Empire in 1219 AD.[11/n]

Khwarazmian Empire:
This empire was ruled by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Initially Genghis Khan sent a 500 men Caravan containing gold, silver, silk, various kinds of textiles and fabrics and pelts to establish a trade route with the Muslim traders. [12/n]

Inalchuq, the governor of the Khwarazmian city of Otrar Massacred and looted the caravan. Then Genghis Khan sent three ambassadors (two Mongols and a Muslim) to meet the Shah himself. [13/n]

This time the Shah shaved all their heads and beheaded the Muslim Ambassador and sent that head with other two ambassadors. This warranted the wrath of Genghis Khan. [14/n]

This was one of the biggest invasions in that time. Genghis Khan organized a troop of 10 tumens(100000 soldiers) and marched on the Khwarazmian Empire. After capturing Bukhara and Samarkand where he gathered all the soldiers and massacred leaving only civilians. [15/n]

Then Ghenghis Khan allowed the civilians to evacuate the city. The last Shah Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah put up some resistance against the Mongol army but eventually he faced Genghis Khan at the Battle of Indus in 1221. Which marked the end of the pursuit[16/n]

After losing the battle of Indus Jalal wanted to take refuge in India where Iltutmish, the founder of Delhi Sultanate did not help Jalal as it would have provoked Genghis Khan to attack India. Which was one of the reasons why Genghis Khan did not invade India. [17/n]

After a few skirmishes with Russians and recapturing the rebelling Xia and Jin Dynasty Ghenghis Khan died in 1227 making his Son as the ruler who completed the task of conquering Jin dynasty. [18/n]

Coming back to the point WHY did Ghenghis Khan not attack India. Now if you see the pattern of his attacks on all the above kingdoms it's simple. Genghis Khan only retaliated those who Provoked him beyond forgiveness. And Iltutmish did not do that mistake. [19/n]

Among other reasons India was the land of Buddhha and Genghis Khan was a Tengerist but he respected Buddhists and other religions. He was a polytheist. It must be considered as another reason also that India was contributing 25-30% to the world GDP at that time. [20/n]