Today is the Punyatithi of Shri Tyagaraja. This is my Mother singing one of his compositions for the occasion. The song is called "Marugelara O Raghava" in the raaga Jayantashree, which Shri Tyagaraja originally composed in praise of Shri Rama. Check it out. 🎶
Shri Tyagaraja sings in praise of Rama in Telugu.
LYRICS: marugelara o raghava marugela caracara rupa paratpara surya sudhakra locana anni nivanucu natarangamuna dinnaga vedaki telisi kontinayya ninne gani madi nennajala norula nannu brovavayya tyagarajanuta
Meaning of the Song : O Raghava (Rama) Why are you concealing yourself? The Universe itself is your form. The Sun & the moon are your eyes By deep contemplation, inquiry, and search, I have directly perceived that you are everything, and everything is within you.
Shri Tyagaraja ends the composition saying : There is no place in my mind for any other God. Please protect me Shri Rama.
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After turushka invader muhammad khalji destroyed nalanda & vikramashila, his hordes set eye in tibet. On the way back, his men were ambushed by Vallabhadeva's army. Vallabhadeva was the then ruler of Assam. In the battle many turushkas were killed. An inscription records this.
For the next century and a half, turushkas kept trying to push into Assam & failed. Some were mortally wounded & their armies destroyed. Resistance to turushkas by Hindu assamese is a great inspirational story.
When turushka malik yuzbak decided to invade Assam in 1257 CE, the then Hindu king set up a well planned trap which led to malik being captured & executed. His army was destroyed too. The Hindu king who led this operation is identified as Kamateshvara Sandhya.
Brihatsamhita says Surya must be sculptured with 2 hands each holding a Kamala.His head is surrounded by a Kantimandala(halo).He wears a crown called Karandamukuta.He also wears a pair of Kundalas(earrings)made of ruby & Haara(necklace)made of pearls along with Katibandha(girdle)
Surya should also be depicted wearing an Yajnopavita. He should be depicted standing on a Padma peetha(Lotus pedestal) which should be show drawn by a Ratha consisting of 7 horses. The Ratha of Surya is called Makaradwaja. This chariot has only one wheel.
Aruna is Surya's charioteer. He is shown commanding the 7 horses. The two female attendants waving the chamara(fan) are Rajani & Nikshubha. The male figures are Danda & Pingala are to be shown besides them.
The Padartha dharma sangraha of Prashastapada is one of the most important works on Physics to emerge out of ancient Bharat. The text greatly deals with the nature of matter, recognising its atomic character & the role of atoms.
The concepts discussed in the text include those which came to be later classified as classical/newtonian mechanics. Prashastapada talks about concepts like Vega(momentum), Sanyoga vibhaga(displacement), Digvishista Karyarambhakatva (Vectors), Gamana(curvilinear motion)..
Bhramana(rotary motion), Spandana(vibratory motion) among many other concepts.
The concept of Vega(momentum) which forms the basis of Newton's 2nd law of motion (F=m.a) was explained by Prashastapada centuries before Newton was born.
This partially completed monolithic Pallava rock cut temple from Mahabalipuram presents a very good visual representation of how ancient Sthapatis went about carving out material from a monolithic rock. Valayankuttai Ratha was being built during the reign of Parameshvaravarma.
If the Sthapatis had managed to complete the above Temple, it would have looked similar to the Temple below. This is the Arjuna Ratha from the same Pancha Ratha Temple complex. The Upapeetha(base) & Adisthana(plinth) remained incomplete in the previous Ratha.
This is also a good opportunity to understand the different elements that make up a Ratha type temple. It basically comprises of 6 major parts or Angas as it is called in the Shilpashastra.
Vishnudharmottara purana tells us that Dattatreya must be depicted just like Valmiki. One more iconographic text, Rupamandanam identifies Dattatreya under another name. He is called Hari-Hara Pitamaha. Ajayameru museum houses a fine sculpture of this form indianculture.gov.in/ajmer-museum-h…
Rupamandanam states that the image of Hari-Hara Pitamaha should have 4 faces, 6 hands &
single body made to stand on a pitha. The right hands should carry the akshamala, the trisula &
the gada, while the left hands should be made to hold the kamandalu, khatvanga & chakra.