Structural Racism and COVID-19 in the USA: a County-Level Empirical Analysis 🧵1/9
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
"In the USA, substantial and persistent disparities in health outcomes and healthcare access across race and ethnicity are well documented, particularly among non-Hispanic Black residents."

"We find significant associations between higher levels of measured structural racism and
...higher rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths, even after adjusting for county-level population sociodemographic characteristics, measures of population health, access to healthcare, population density, and duration of the COVID-19 outbreak."
"We believe there is an urgent need to attend to Black Americans’ experiences in order to stop this continual perpetuation of violence on Black bodies."

"Racial segregation overlaps with concentrated poverty and a lack of job opportunities."
"Those living in segregated areas tend to have access to fewer healthcare resource and poorer environmental quality, as well as lower quality, more crowded housing conditions."
"We find that higher ratios of Black:White population percentage in poverty are associated with higher case rates, but not death rates."
"Even after controlling for the different structural racism indicators, the percentage of Black residents in a county is still significantly positively associated with COVID-19 cases per 1000 residents in a county."
"We find that counties with higher levels of structural racism were more severely impacted by the virus, which supports our argument that researchers should not rely on the usual basket of individual behavioral or biological risk factors to explain health disparities."
"Our study thus reinforces the call for more individual-level race/ethnicity data on testing, cases, and deaths, and for more multilevel studies on how individuals’ outcomes interact with structural parameters such as the ones we explore."

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More from @NonHumanMedia1

Jan 23
Race/ethnicity and telomere length in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis 🧵1/8 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
"..telomere loss and cellular senescence may have implications for the functionality of tissues of special relevance to particular disease processes such as immune response and infection, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis and osteoarthritis."
"Telomere length did not differ between blacks, whites and Hispanics in a small sample of newborns (Okuda et al., 2002). Our results suggest that race differences in telomere length may emerge and grow with age."
Read 8 tweets
Jan 21
Elizabeth "Betita" Martinez, American Chicana Feminist and Activist

This is the woman who is credited with coining the term "Opression Olympics"
–cosigned by Angela Y. Davis

🧵1/8
Born in 1925, she grew up in a white neighborhood, went to white schools, worked at white jobs, and married white men (pic 2, 2nd husband)

Keep this in mind, this person grew up and lived her entire life clearly on the white side of the color line, during the era of Jim Crow
Pic 1 is the wiki summary on the first usage of the term, and pics 2-4 are excerpts from that 1993 conversation

Angela Davis: "A "Black" subject was created. We can also create a "women of color" subject." 🚩

Link to the full conversation:culturalstudies.ucsc.edu/inscriptions/v…
Read 8 tweets
Jan 21
Neighborhood Disadvantage and Biological Aging 🧵1/5

"Despite moving, they often still reside in economically disadvantaged areas. They are what Wilson (1987) calls 'truly disadvantaged'"

"there is a strong association between age and DNA methylation"
"Indeed, chronological age is much more strongly related to methylation based aging than to telomere length or other biological markers of aging"

"..living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, ambient threat, social strain, social isolation... influences health-related outcomes"
"Mean ages predicted by the Hannum’s methylomic index were 1.22 years higher than the actual chronological age of the sample. 54% of respondents had a methylomic age greater than their chronological age. This indicates a tendency in the sample toward accelerated aging."
Read 5 tweets
Jan 11
"Black women are especially vulnerable to weathering effects when high rates of male unemployment and incarceration in the community thrust them into a role of supporting multiple generations of dependents but with resources only accessible from low-income jobs" Simons,et al 2018
Weathering starts early in life and continues to have damaging effects on health throughout life (Simons et al., 2018)

The health and life expectancy of Black ppl are negatively affected by the cumulative experiences of racism throughout life (Paradies, 2006;Phelan & Link, 2015)
Black women are four to five times more likely to die during
pregnancy and childbirth than white women, regardless of income, education, or lifestyle
(Bingham et al., 2011; Bond, 2011)
Read 6 tweets
Jan 4
#JuanCrow 📃 🧵
"...lawyers who established the Mexican Americans' legal "canon" employed arguments—which were also based on the Fourteenth Amendment—that called for better policing of the existing boundaries of Jim Crow, rather than for the dismantling of the system." 🧐
"The state law defined the 'colored' class to include "all persons of mixed blood descended from Negro ancestry."

"..that as Hispanics, Mexicans belonged to the white race, albeit to an inferior branch in the taxonomy."

"..all Mexicans, without discrimination as to color."🧐
"The founders of LULAC aimed to intergrate Mexican-descended persons into the U.S. mainstream, that is, to 'Americanize' the community."

"Mexican Americans grew dependant on legal arguments that relied heavily on alleged advantages derived from their "white" status."
Read 9 tweets

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