It became the major allele in wolves, making them bigger than other canids, probably during the last ice age. However, the small allele never disappeared.
During the #domestication time, humans created the first small dogs using the ancestral small allele that still existing in wolves. We found it in a 9,500 year old dog sample. Today this small allele is the major allele in modern dogs, in 75% of small breeds < 15kg
We also show that the mutation is located within a #lncRNA, antisense of IGF1, sharing 182 bp in common, that we named IGF1-AS. We did not detect differential expressions for IGF1 and IGF1-AS between large and small #dogs, but we measured difference in IGF1 protein level in serum
We thus propose that IGF1-AS regulates #IGF1 translation rate. The exact mechanism is still under investigations from my side at @UnivRennes1 :) :)
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