Alex Sarama Profile picture
Jan 28 9 tweets 3 min read
Thread on finishing. This is an example of how we can use constraints to lead to different solutions emerging. This allows players to self-organize and use finishing techniques which solve the problem and suit each player’s individual constraints.
This 10 minute video is today’s @BBallImmersion membership upload. One common question from coaches who read the blog was that these players must have been taught finishing moves 1 on 0 before being able to do them in a 1 on 1 or other SSG.
I’m not sure where this comes from as no situation is ever the same. The number of potential techniques are ENDLESS due to the always changing interaction of constraints. It’s akin to fighting an insurmountable battle explicitly teaching techniques as there are so many variables
There are just some of the constraints I have identified which impact finishing. Block, constant 1 on 0 practice is not at all game-like or necessary as it deprives players of the relevant information that will impact finishing in the game.
The interaction of constraints leads to players using different solutions. This slide shows a number of finishing solutions I have identified which are available. The variation is immense! Many coaches skip immediately to immediately teaching these solutions explicitly 1 on 0.
This is the information-processing theory I wrote about. Used at all levels, but doesn’t make sense as players are not robots able to suddenly bring one of these techniques out at the right moment of the game.
Instead of trying to teach all these with block constant practice, why not create an environment where these emerge naturally and are thus learnt implicitly, being far more likely to transfer to the game?
This is because none of the perceptual cues are represented in 1 on 0 practice. This Jimmy Butler Player Study I did last year aligns very well with this week’s blog as well as the membership upload.
In conclusion, CLA can nudge the offense towards exploring different solutions, while the defense learns how to contest and neutralize. Again, we are not just letting them play a random small sided game and “figure it out.” The constraints are what shapes the finishing magic!

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More from @AlexJSarama

Jan 30
🤯Chaos Shooting
👉 2 balls, 2v2, 3v2, 4v2 all allow for good time on task.
▪️Offense can shoot threes, pass or drive but no rim finishes.
🏀This is something we are doing most practices. Let’s take a look behind the mess to understand the value of an SSG like this…
Bursts are applied, so offense and defense stay for 60 seconds before a rest & then change. When starting with this we did not add loud music. This led to more connections, making it a little easier for the offense. Also wasn’t as much of a strain on working memory.
🎶 Now we do this with loud music (not shown w/ Twitter copyright). Purposely pick something a little stressful such as heavy metal or arena sounds! Encourage offense AND defense to connect above the noise. Defense rebound and pass to anyone. Find the ROB shot, count the BRADs.
Read 16 tweets
Jan 21
➡️ The notion of fundamentals are something adhered to by many coaches who talk about players requiring fundamentals before they get the chance to play games or perform more “advanced skills”. Fundamentals are often coupled with explicit instruction. Why is this a problem?
Firstly, coaches who believe in fundamentals suggest that players have to be taught something explicitly before doing it in a game. This is simply completely false. Just watch a normal 🏀 game and see the number of solutions players use which have not ever been taught.
This idea of being taught something explicitly before using it in a game is incongruent with how learning actually works (a non-linear process). Every player has different action capabilities based on the interaction between individual, environment & task constraints.
Read 17 tweets
Jan 16
Instead of putting players through a scripted routine of pre-determined 1 on 0 techniques, literally just play defense to improve the effectiveness of individual workouts. Use varying starts, always in a new location, with specific constraints on the offense (eg only threes).
I respect coaches who spend significant amounts of time planning their workouts. I still plan, but in a very different way. I avoid going through a list of specific techniques (aka “moves”) I want to impart on the player as the “correct” way of doing something.
Instead I look at what the player specifically needs as well as giving giving them an input in the workout. I then play “guided defense” most of the time, using my positioning to replicate situations seen by real defenders in a game.
Read 10 tweets
Jan 14
😀 Thread on the importance of FUN and how this is misconstrued, particularly in the youth sectors of big pro clubs in Europe. This creates a perpetuating cycle which other youth coaches then emulate, damaging the experience players have of our sport.
Many GMs and coaches don’t think high level youth prospects can be developed while having fun. I have no idea why this is the case. Credit to a great book I am reading “Myths of Sport Coaching” (HIGHLY RECOMMEND), where many studies on this topic referenced.
🧠 Where does this stem from? The work of Daniel Kahneman was referenced in the book. As humans we hold onto existing schemas that result in errors in our thinking. This is very prevalent in 🏀 coaches, seeing fun as something only needed for rec ball.
Read 8 tweets
Jan 6
While there are some consistencies with the jump shot, no shot is ever the same. Coaches talk about and attempt to train players to use the exact same, “repeatable technique” but this is impossible. What constraints affect the shooting motion? Read on… @BBallImmersion
▪️Distance from the basket (Elliott, 1992; Elliott & White, 1989; Miller & Bartlett, 1993)
▪️Presence of a defender (Rojas, Cepero, Ona, & Gutierrez, 2000)
▪️Body posture at ball release (Ripoll, Bard, & Paillard, 1986)
▪️Other movements completed by the player before shooting (Lorenzo & Arago ́n, 2003)
▪️Field of view (Oudejans, van de Langerberg, & Hutter, 2002; Ripoll et al., 1986)
▪️Physical characteristics of the player (Hudson, 1985b; Rojas et al., 2000)
Read 4 tweets
Nov 17, 2021
💊Thread: re-thinking traditional "basketball vitamins"
👉This is the closest we would get to vitamins. Instead of 1-on-0, using scripted defense. The cut-off cues a protection plan, which must be different every time. Nash, Barkley, Bounce Out or Back-Pivot.
💡Rep without rep
The problem with normal vitamins in player development is that players make 95%+ of all their reps. This shows the level of difficulty is far from desirable and therefore any supposed effect from the "vitamins" is completely negated. Even a scripted D = more challenge
3⃣ Stay for x3 reps, then change roles, then change locations.
🌬️Typical vitamins are completely unopposed (1v0) and lacking in any form of task representativeness.
💡I do not believe in vitamins because every week the conditions are changing. Plus doing the same thing is boring!
Read 7 tweets

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