The claim is the same as was when Sinologists pored over samizdat grabbed in Hong Kong: since writing published openly in China is compromised, there is a secret fiction that must be discovered, which will confirm our suspicions of a specific type of dissident thought.
Perry Link noted that hand-copied books circulated during the 1970s eschewed politics for "crime, corpses, lovers, sex, intrigue, and other thoroughly ordinary least common denominators of what has interested human beings everywhere and at all times."
If your goal is learning what people in China think by reading novels, you might get as much from reading Red Crag, a certified red classic, as from The Second Handshake, an underground novel later officially published—or Ethel Voynich's The Gadfly!
"...[M]ost readers of The Subplot will never read the bulk of the literature Walsh describes." Chinese fiction in translation has a minuscule audience. Reviews like this are part of the reason, since they reinforce the idea that some truth is unavailable or suppressed.
Exercise the psychological sovereignty to go to the library, pick a book and figure it out for yourself. You can find these things for yourself. Spend twenty minutes reading reading something like this translation of Shuang Xuetao by Kevin Wang: asymptotejournal.com/special-featur…

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More from @dylanleviking

Oct 17, 2021
Eight Raps to a Disco Beat 蹦迪八大扯 by Sun Xiaobao 孙小宝 and Jin Ling 金玲 from 2004 is more clearly the progenitor of hanmai 喊麦. This is a rundown of the eight types of xiaojie 小姐—here, meaning women that exchange intimacy for cash, from hotel suite to street corner.
This would never have made it on TV but was sold as a DVD special. It leans heavily on social commentary in the same style as that first clip. In between, you've got nostalgic singalongs. There's a live studio audience that's clearly wrecked.
The subtitles need more attention to the particular rhythms of er'renzhuan 二人转, I think, but they'll give you an idea of the content. Forgive any errors. This is a fairly unique commentary on popular concerns around the turn of the century, I think.
Read 4 tweets
Oct 15, 2021
A key figure in neo-authoritarianism, Xiao Gongqin speaks here on Maoism, which he calls the fifth modernization model chosen in Chinese politics (this was preceded by abortive post-1898 enlightened despotism under the Qing, Sun Zhongshan's 1911 parliamentary model...
...Yuan Shikai strongman government, and nationalist authoritarianism under Chiang Kai-shek). Leninist totalism backed by military force holds for a long time. But it gave in to extreme left-wing thought. Competent neo-authoritarianism keeps both flanks at bay.
Deng Xiaoping's neo-authoritarianism was the solution—gradual reform with an iron fist 用铁腕进行渐进市场经济改革. Xiao Gongqin has praised Xi Jinping for taking up that neo-authoritarian line, dropped by Deng's succesors: deepening reform while disciplining the extremes.
Read 4 tweets
Oct 13, 2021
We know Wang Huning's trip to America was important. But his experiences in Singapore are more formative. This is where he sees a neoauthoritarianism in action, with political, economic, and cultural freedoms permitted under stable authority and shared values. Image
He marvels at the wealth of Singapore. It's clean and prosperous and lively. There's nothing like equality, but the lives of the underclass are, he assumes, fairly good. But how was it been able to surpass some cities in the West in wealth and other factors? ImageImageImageImage
The history of colonialism and the drive to modernize inclined Singapore toward Western civilization 西方文明 and Western culture 西方文化. Taking industrial civilization 工业文明 from the West, means taking less positive aspects, like its social ills 社会病. ImageImageImageImage
Read 9 tweets
Oct 12, 2021
This is a history of the 1983 campaign against spiritual pollution in nine posts. It begins with the summertime crackdown on street crime and "hooliganism," Deng Xiaoping's purge of leftists, and the idea of spiritual civilization to replace revolutionary fervor. Image
The strike hard campaign against crime was a response to a widespread and not unfounded perception that Reform and Opening had caused social chaos. Crime was through the roof. The criminal code was adjusted. The Public Security Bureau started filling quotas. Image
The "hooligan" crimes included things not previously criminal but considered morally repugnant. Ma Yanqin famously got the death penalty for holding dance parties. Tens of thousands were rounded up. A few thousand were executed. Even more suspended death sentences were given out. Image
Read 11 tweets
Oct 12, 2021
Wang Huning is described as making a "daring break from the materialism of orthodox Marxism" in the idea that social "software" shapes its "hardware." I want to say a few things about this. palladiummag.com/2021/10/11/the…
For the break from Marxist orthodoxy on economic determinism in Chinese political theory, we should go back to the 1930s, at least. Mao tells us that political and cultural changes can become crucial. This was his idea of a cultural revolution, decades before 1966.
Culture is a reflection of politics and economics, Mao says in 1940, but the former has a "tremendous influence and effect upon the latter." Mao repeatedly argues this is not a break from Marxist orthodoxy. You can decide for yourself. It was less of a break from Lenin, for sure.
Read 14 tweets
Oct 10, 2021
The most significant reforms Deng Xiaoping carried out were vertical decentralization and aggressive depoliticization: localities were isolated from the top and anything bubbling up from there could be evaluated through the logic of marketization and given ex post facto approval.
This was making official the lay of the land through the 1970s, when decentralization and depoliticization were already underway. Factional politics at the top, but commune and brigade enterprises and other novel organizations thriving down below. It only had to legitimized.
The Two Initiatives that formed the theoretical basis of Mao's own attempt at devolution of powers in the 1950s (after being forced to liquidate Gao Gang and Rao Shushi) were written into the 1982 Constitution. This created the most complex, dynamic modern political system.
Read 8 tweets

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