Underestimating the way behaviour is largely affected by one’s mental state when you're not currently in that mental state
If you feel calm, you'll find it difficult to predict how you'll act if someone angers you
Meat Paradox
Many of us experience the 'meat paradox', whereby we simultaneously care for animals such as cows, yet also consume them as meat
Applies to many other moral issues where we stay in the 'dark', to protect the illusion that we are morally consistent and sensible
Emotional Contagion
The automatic adoption of the emotional state of another person through observation; some are more susceptible to cues than others
Happiness and misery love company
Be careful who you spend your time around, their energy is infectious
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic arises when you find something personally or intrinsically rewarding, while extrinsic comes from incentives or punishment
Intrinsic is a better source of long-term motivation, but extrinsic can be used effectively in the short-term
Big Five Personality Traits
The most academically accepted model of basic personality traits, sometimes referred to as the OCEAN model: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
These factors exist on a continuum and encompass several subfactors
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Describes how, when we are choosing between two alternatives, the addition of a third, less attractive option (decoy) can influence our perception of the original two choices
Distinction Bias
Describes how, in decision-making, we tend to overvalue the differences between two options when we examine them together
Conversely, we consider these differences to be less important when we evaluate the options separately
Occurs when you choose to continue, or discontinue, a behaviour based on the positive or negative reinforcement you've received for that behaviour previously
As a group size increases, individuals tend to become increasingly less productive
Consider a tug of war. As more people are involved, their average performance tends to decrease because each participant feels that their own effort is not critical
Group Attribution Error
Falsely assuming that the views and decision outcomes of a collective group reflect the view of each member in that group, even when information is available that indicates that all members do not support the decision