As a group size increases, individuals tend to become increasingly less productive
Consider a tug of war. As more people are involved, their average performance tends to decrease because each participant feels that their own effort is not critical
Group Attribution Error
Falsely assuming that the views and decision outcomes of a collective group reflect the view of each member in that group, even when information is available that indicates that all members do not support the decision
Closely related to steretyping
90-9-1 Rule
In a social media network (E.g., Twitter), only 1 percent of users will actively create content; another 9 percent will participate by commenting, rating, or sharing the content; and the last 90 percent will watch, look and read without interacting
Braess's Paradox
An observation by German mathematician Dietrich Braess who noticed that adding a road to a particular congested road traffic network would make traffic worse due to an increase in shortcuts becoming popular and overcrowded
Pollyanna Principle
It’s easier to actively remember pleasant memories than bad ones
The mind tends to focus on the optimistic at the subconscious level, while it tends to focus on the negative at the conscious level
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Describes how, when we are choosing between two alternatives, the addition of a third, less attractive option (decoy) can influence our perception of the original two choices
Distinction Bias
Describes how, in decision-making, we tend to overvalue the differences between two options when we examine them together
Conversely, we consider these differences to be less important when we evaluate the options separately
Occurs when you choose to continue, or discontinue, a behaviour based on the positive or negative reinforcement you've received for that behaviour previously
Fluency Heuristic
Persian Messenger Syndrome
Okrent's Law
Veirordt's Law
Cunningham's Law
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Fluency Heuristic
Related to the narrative fallacy, fluency heuristic is the tendency to believe more in ideas that are easy to explain rather than those that are hard to comprehend
Persian Messenger Syndrome
The act of blaming the bearer of negative news
Ancient Persians actually killed some messengers whose sole fault was that they brought home truthful bad news, say, of a battle lost