12 tricks that your mind plays on you
A thread...
A thread...
Modality effect
You'll tend to remember more when using a mixed-mode (partly visual and partly auditory) of learning compared to a single-mode (either visual or auditory alone)
When information is presented in multiple modalities, total working memory capacity is increased
You'll tend to remember more when using a mixed-mode (partly visual and partly auditory) of learning compared to a single-mode (either visual or auditory alone)
When information is presented in multiple modalities, total working memory capacity is increased
Next-in-line effect
The tendency to have lower recall for events that happen right before or after a public performance—whether performing on stage or talking to a group of other people
This effect is believed to occur due to both attention distraction and retrograde amnesia
The tendency to have lower recall for events that happen right before or after a public performance—whether performing on stage or talking to a group of other people
This effect is believed to occur due to both attention distraction and retrograde amnesia
Placement bias
The tendency to be influenced by story placement in the news in a way that downplays information supportive of a minority viewpoint
As a general rule, story placement is a measure of how important the editor considers the story
The tendency to be influenced by story placement in the news in a way that downplays information supportive of a minority viewpoint
As a general rule, story placement is a measure of how important the editor considers the story
Picture superiority effect
The tendency for pictures and images to be remembered more easily than words
Occurs because our brains dually encode images, but encode words only once. This means that images are stored as pictures and words, but words are only stored as words
The tendency for pictures and images to be remembered more easily than words
Occurs because our brains dually encode images, but encode words only once. This means that images are stored as pictures and words, but words are only stored as words
Positivity effect
The tendency for elderly people to perceive and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones
A form of selective memory that helps compensate for troubles that occur over the lifetime
The tendency for elderly people to perceive and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones
A form of selective memory that helps compensate for troubles that occur over the lifetime
Processing difficulty effect
We have an easier time remembering information that takes longer to read and understand
This feels counter-intuitive: we want to make our message simple and short, right? In some cases, yes. But, not all. Making the brain work is a powerful tool
We have an easier time remembering information that takes longer to read and understand
This feels counter-intuitive: we want to make our message simple and short, right? In some cases, yes. But, not all. Making the brain work is a powerful tool
Rosy retrospection
Our tendency to recall the past more fondly than the present
An inaccurate view of past events might lead to judging current or future events unfairly. And without storing negative experiences, you may fail to incorporate constructive feedback
Our tendency to recall the past more fondly than the present
An inaccurate view of past events might lead to judging current or future events unfairly. And without storing negative experiences, you may fail to incorporate constructive feedback
Reminiscence bump
The tendency for older adults (over forty) to have increased or enhanced recollection for events that occurred during their adolescence and early adulthood
Occurs because memory storage in autobiographical memory is not consistent through time
The tendency for older adults (over forty) to have increased or enhanced recollection for events that occurred during their adolescence and early adulthood
Occurs because memory storage in autobiographical memory is not consistent through time
Self-relevance effect
A tendency to encode information differently depending on whether we are implicated in the information
When we are asked to remember information when it is related in some way to ourselves, the recall rate can be improved
A tendency to encode information differently depending on whether we are implicated in the information
When we are asked to remember information when it is related in some way to ourselves, the recall rate can be improved
Source Confusion
A type of memory error where we don't remember where certain memories come from
Dangerous because when we disassociate the content of our knowledge from the source, we become similarly confident in all content despite not being confident in all sources
A type of memory error where we don't remember where certain memories come from
Dangerous because when we disassociate the content of our knowledge from the source, we become similarly confident in all content despite not being confident in all sources
Suffix effect
The tendency to be unable to recall the final items from a spoken list when the list is followed by an unnecessary or irrelevant speech item or suffix
Occurs because the mind fixates on the very end of the list, even if it's not actually part of the list
The tendency to be unable to recall the final items from a spoken list when the list is followed by an unnecessary or irrelevant speech item or suffix
Occurs because the mind fixates on the very end of the list, even if it's not actually part of the list
Spacing effect
The tendency for learning to be more effective when study sessions are spaced out
Explains why cramming doesn't lead to long-term memory retention, and why repeated exposure over a longer period of time typically does
The tendency for learning to be more effective when study sessions are spaced out
Explains why cramming doesn't lead to long-term memory retention, and why repeated exposure over a longer period of time typically does
That's a wrap!
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