One of the greatest masterpieces of Greek art, Nike of Samothrace is unrivaled in the personification of that victorious divine spirit carrying human perseverance beneath her wings.
Nike of Samothrace (with wings details) Parian marble, Hellenistic c. 200–190 BC-The Louvre
One of my favorite Nike depictions is this striking "one-wing" Nike, which seems to have survived by losing one of her wings, thus heralding a prophetic cry: Victory is never gained unscathed.
Nike Bronze statuette-Hellenistic period at The Louvre.
"Victory passes back and forth between men"
-Homer, Iliad Bk VI
Winged Nike of Samothrace alighting on the prow of a Hellenistic warship, made by a Rhodian sculptor out of Parian marble. The ship & base are carved from grey marble veined with white, identified as that of the quarries of Lartos, in Rhodes. ca. 200–190 BC at the Louvre [1]
The Athena Nike inside her temple's cella (on the Acropolis) was called Athena Apteros, "without wings", which according to Pausanias, this Athena Nike was wingless so she could never leave Athens.
Two drawings depicting the colored restoration of the Temple of Athena Nike ca. 420 BC drawn by French architect Louis Philippe Francois Boitte [1830-1906]
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Three Greek poetic epithets describing Ares, God of War:
Λαοσσοος- Laossoos: "He Who Rallies Men"
Μιαιφονος- Miaiphonos: "Blood-stained"
Ανδρειφοντης- Andreiphontês: "Destroyer of Men"
-Bronze Corinthian Helmet [detail] 5th c. BC
These two Homeric epithets for Ares: Areiphatos & Areiktamenos mean respectively "killed by Ares" & "killed in War", i.e. Ares ultimately embodies every death in war.
Roman bronze statue of Mars, God of War [face detail] 2nd century AD -at Gaziantep Museum, Turkey [1]
I'd like to imagine this is how Plato's soul remembered the equine head's timeless, unchangeable Form.
A Greek terracotta horse head from Taras (Taranto) Magna Graecia-ca. 4th c. BC
Plato's Theory of Forms/Reminiscence:
A Form is both aspatial (transcendent to space) and atemporal (transcendent to time)
Immortality of the soul grants us
anamnesis i.e re-membrance by the soul of knowledge of the perfect forms [horseness] attained in a previous existence[1]
The Form is an essence (Horseness) i.e distinct singular ideal that causes plural representations of itself (horses) in the physical world.
Forms are unchanging, physical things are in constant change. The Forms can be grasped through rational intellect not fallible senses [2]