🧵 It's #EarthDay and also #FollowFriday, so how about a thread of some the popular climate science accounts on Twitter that you can follow to learn more about climate change?
First, we can't begin a discussion of climate accounts without mentioning @KHayhoe's excellent list of 3,183 scientists that work on climate-related issues (broadly defined).
Subscribe if you want the full firehose of climate scientist knowledge.
But let's dig a little deeper. As I have done in the past, I am going to construct a semi-empirical list of interesting climate accounts by looking at who the most-followed 100 climate scientists of Twitter have been themselves following.
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Unsurprisingly, climate scientists on Twitter follow lots of other climate scientists. Here are the most popular ones:
Animation showing the strong correlation between recent increases in carbon dioxide and changes in global mean temperature, as well as projected future changes.
Since the late 19th century, the Earth has warmed about 1.3 °C (2.3 °F), almost half of which has occurred since 1990.
This warming is strongly correlated with the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.
The recent warming of the Earth has occurred due to a very rapid rise in the concentration of carbon dioxide (and other greenhouse gases) in the atmosphere.
This recent rise in carbon dioxide is a consequence of the industrial revolution and the burning of fossil fuels.
🔥 The recent extraordinary heatwave in Antarctica appears to have set a new World Record for the largest temperature excess above normal (+38.5 °C / +69.3 °F) ever measured at an established weather station.
Unfortunately, no organization maintains official records for temperatures above normal.
However, after taking time to review past weather station data and consulting with colleagues, it appears that no other established weather station has ever reported an anomaly this extreme.
In terms of the temperature excess above normal, the Antarctic heatwave from ~10 days ago appears to have been the most extreme that humans have ever directly observed, anywhere.
Let's talk a bit more about that extraordinary warm event in Antarctica.
Nearly 40 °C above normal, and 20 °C higher than the previous March record.
But how unlikely is it really?
Physically, we have a pretty good understanding of what happened. An extreme and unprecedented atmospheric river brought unseasonably warm and moist air to the Antarctic plateau.
🔥Heat wave in Antarctica, +38 °C (+68 °F) above normal.
That's not an error, or a typo.
The remote research station at Dome C recorded a temperature nearly 40 °C above normal for this time of year, beating the previous March record by a startling 20 °C.
This Antarctic heatwave was widespread in East Antarctica.
Despite its absolutely unprecedented magnitude, this event was well-forecast on short-term weather models.
"... [T]he warm conditions over Antarctica were spurred by an extreme atmospheric river, or a narrow corridor of water vapor in the sky, on its east coast. ... The excessive moisture from the atmospheric river was able to retain large amounts of heat..."
Energy systems modelers get asked to imagine transformations of the global energy system that would satisfy predetermined climate goals (e.g. 1.5 °C in this case).
In order to get the numbers to work out on paper, they are forced resort to dramatic, near-fantastical scenarios.
The particular model shown above drives the future energy system with large shares of wind and solar.
This is backed by a substantial increase in nuclear and a large share for biomass burning.
Coal use falls 80% by 2030, and oil nearly vanishes by 2050.
The energy system transformation proposed in this scenario is even more dramatic when you realize the modelers assume global energy demand continues to grow rapidly.
To make the math work, the models often also need large amount of carbon capture to offset later emissions.
As the UK prepares to open the climate summit, #COP26, it is worth reflecting that the UK cut carbon dioxide emissions by 1/3 over the last decade, the 14th fastest decline in the world.
The success of the UK in cutting carbon dioxide emissions is mostly the result of sharp declines in coal use (replaced mostly by wind and other renewables) and a shift to greater energy efficiency.
Other countries, such as China or India, also have the potential to achieve sharp near-term declines in carbon dioxide emissions if they transition away from coal.
Notably, the coal-heavy industry in China now emits more carbon per person than the UK or EU.