It is senseless to shelter Putin from the sense that he is losing. He will figure that out for himself, and he will act to protect himself. 1/17
Russians are not cornered. The Russian army is not cornered. It is an invading force. When defeated, units just retreat across the border to Russia. 2/17
Putin rules in virtual reality, where there is always an escape route. He cannot be cornered in Ukraine, because Ukraine is a real place. 3/17
It is hard for people in other societies to grasp that Putin is a dictator who controls his country's media. He rules by changing the subject. 4/17
Putin changes the subject all the time. The last time Russia invaded Ukraine, its media changed the subject to Syria from one day to the next, and Russians went along. 5/17
When Russia invaded Ukraine this February, the media quickly adjusted from saying that invasion was impossible to saying it was inevitable. Russians went along. 6/17
If defeated in reality, Putin will just declare victory on television, and Russians will believe him, or pretend to. He does not need our help for that. 7/17
It is senseless to create an "off-ramp" in the real world, when all Putin needs is one in a virtual world he completely controls. Talking of "off-ramps" just gives Russian leaders something to laugh about in what are otherwise difficult times. 8/17
To be sure, Putin might err and wait too long to declare victory in the virtual world. In that case he loses power. We cannot save him from such a misjudgment, and it is misguided to try. 9/17
Putin's power over media will be complete until the moment when it ceases. There is no interval where our actions in the real world will make a difference. Either our off-ramps are unnecessary or they are irrelevant. 10/17
It is grotesque to ask the Ukrainians to make decisions about the war for the comfort of Russian television producers, who don't take direction from the real world anyway. 11/17
Misunderstanding Russia through clichés of "cornering" and "off-ramps" will make the war last longer, by distracting from the simple necessity of Russian defeat. 12/17
Ukraine is a very different story. Zelensky, unlike Putin, is democratically elected, feels responsible for his people, and governs in a world where others matter. 13/17
Ukraine has a press that the government does not direct. Zelensky cannot simply change the subject. He has to bring his people along on any major decision. 14/17
Unlike Putin, Zelensky has to make a case to his people to end this war. He therefore does need help, both to win the war and in telling Ukrainians what comes next. 15/17
Unlike Russian soldiers, Ukrainians have nowhere else to go. They cannot just go home. The war is fought in their country. They will return to their homes and rebuild. 16/17
Ending the war means thinking more about the Ukrainian people and their future, and and worrying less about problems that Putin does not in fact have. 17/17
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It is senseless to shelter Putin from the sense that he is losing. He will figure that out for himself, and he will act to protect himself. 1/17
Russians are not cornered. The Russian army is not cornered. It is an invading force. When defeated, units just retreat across the border to Russia. 2/17
Putin rules in virtual reality, where there is always an escape route. He cannot be cornered in Ukraine, because Ukraine is a real place. 3/17
Available today: I've recorded a much expanded audiobook of #OnTyranny, adding 20 new lessons on the history, ideology, and politics of Russia's war on Ukraine. From @PRHAudio. All proceeds to humanitarian assistance in #Ukraine. #StandWithUkraine
#OnTyrannyUkraineEdition timothysnyder.org/books/on-tyran…
Lesson 1: Connections: Why On Tyranny
2: A Twenty-First Century Test
3: Fascist Eternity
4: The Politics of Time
5: Vikings, Khazars, and Slavs
6: Valdemar, Volodymyr, and Vladimir
7: Renaissance, Reformation, Rebellion
#OnTyrannyUkraineEdition
Lesson 8: Colonists and Cossacks
9: The Beautiful Language
10: Nation as Culture and Choice
11: Brotherland
12: Communist Colonialism
13: Nazi Colonialism
14: 1938, 1939, and 1940
On 19 August 1939 Stalin's Soviet Union began a new era in economic cooperation with Nazi Germany, in which Moscow would supply Berlin with oil. 1/
Four days later Berlin and Moscow signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, the secret protocol of which provided for the division of eastern Europe into spheres of influence. 2/
On 1 September 1939 Nazi Germany invaded Poland, followed by its Soviet ally on 17 September 1939. 3/
I am getting weary of reading articles in which Americans advise other Americans about how to negotiate the future of #Ukraine. (Thread) 1/ #WestSplaining
We are not fighting in Ukraine, and so we do not decide when the fighting stops, or on what terms. 2/ #UkraineWar#RussianUkrainianWar
This war would have been avoided had #Russia treated #Ukraine as a sovereign state, and negotiated with it. 3/
1/30 Putin is responsible for the invasion, and must redistribute blame for its failure. After a month, some vectors of discord in the Russian government have suggested themselves. (Thread)
2/30 I summarize here from open sources certain unusual features of this war. These are odd facts that would seem to suggest prior, or provoke future, dissension among Russian leaders. I draw no conclusions, and will at most suggest where to look.
3/30 Putin is the supreme leader. The invasion of Ukraine was predicated on his idea that there was no Ukrainian state or nation. His views are widely repeated, though perhaps not as widely shared. They were immediately proven wrong.