Lea Alhilali, MD Profile picture
Jun 14, 2022 10 tweets 6 min read Read on X
1/Like a bad piano player in a run down bar--I take requests! By popular demand, a🧵on how I make those illustrations for my #tweetorials--all in #PowerPoint!
This one shows how to create shadow & highlights to give a 3D effect
#medtwitter #MedEd #FOAMed #powerpointpresentation Image
2/Let's use this french fry illustration I used for my varices🧵
I use the curve function to create shapes. It has the most control for drawing--the freeform function causes uneven lines.
After drawing the shape, I use the shape fill function to fill it in it w/the color I need Image
3/ 3D effects begin w/the gradient fill. I use the gradient fill that powerpoint offers for my selected color--it knows how to chose them so that the gradient is smooth Image
4/ Now to get more advanced w/focal shadows. Using the curve function, I draw shapes where I want shadows. Then I fill these in using the eyedropper function on the Shape Fill menu. I touch the eyedropper to the darkest part of the gradient to fill them in w/a nice dark shadow. Image
5/ Now these shapes need to be blurred so they look more like shadows. I select them and go to the "Shape Effects" menu & select "Soft Edges." I⬆️the size of the soft edge until they look like good shadows. It is different for every shape, but usually you need at least 5 point Image
6/Now for highlights. I use the curve function to draw shapes where I want highlights. Similar to shadows, I use the eyedropper function to fill in the shapes--but instead of putting the eyedropper on the darkest part of the gradient, I put it in the lightest part of the gradient Image
7/However, for highlights, the lightest part of the gradient isn't light enough. So I select the shape, go to shape fill color & select "More colors." This brings up a box where you can lighten the shade of that color--the same way light would lighten it if it was shining on it. Image
8/Now it is time to blur these highlights the same way we blurred the shadows--using the soft edges function, increasing the soft edge until you get desired look of your highlight. Image
9/Now we add details. First, I drew the McDonalds logo using the curve function. Then I used the curve function to draw a single fry. I took that fry & copied & pasted it over &over again--each time rotating it & stretching it to make it look like there were many different fries Image
10/Voila! That is how you make a very professional illustration using only PPT & in only a few easy steps! Excited to see what you will create w/these new skills!
I post more of my tips for creating these illustrations in PPT--so if interested click to follow me @teachplaygrub Image

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More from @teachplaygrub

Aug 19
1/Do questions about brainstem anatomy cause you to suddenly get a case of locked in syndrome?!

Do you try to localize the lesion or just wait for the MR?

Wait no more!

Here’s a thread about the brainstem Rule of Four to help you localize brainstem lesions! Image
2/The hallmark of a brainstem lesion/syndrome is:

(1) Ipsilateral cranial nerve deficit

(2) Contralateral body deficit (be it weakness, sensory loss, or ataxia) Image
3/You can remember this because often your head has certain feelings that opposite the feelings in your heart/body.

Similarly, the cranial nerve deficit can be the opposite of the body deficit

This split between head and body is key for recognizing brainstem syndromes Image
Read 12 tweets
Aug 16
1/Is your understanding of medial temporal anatomy, well, temporary?

If only there was a way to make hippocampal anatomy memorable!

Here is a thread of the basics of hippocampal anatomy that will hopefully stay in your hippocampus! Image
2/Its name “hippocampus” comes from its shape on gross anatomy.

Early anatomists thought it looked like an upside down seahorse—w/its curved tail resembling the tail of a seahorse.

Hippocampus literally means seahorse. Image
3/In cross section, it has a spiral appearance, leading to its other name, Cornu Ammonis, translated Ammon’s Horn.

Ammon was an Egyptian god w/spiraling rams horns.

The hippocampal subfields are abbreviated CA-1, CA-2, etc, w/CA standing for “Cornu Ammonis” Image
Read 17 tweets
Aug 9
1/Tired of stressing if a brain tumor is progressing?

Wish you had some insurance about calling tumor recurrence?

Here’s the cheat sheet you NEED for the best signs of tumor progression! Image
2/Just when treatment thinks it’s got tumor trapped at cliff, tumor is able to get away

Think how you would get away if you were chased to a cliff’s edge.

These are same signs of tumor progression! Image
3/Here's how both you and the tumor can escape:

1. Jump off into the water:
Tumor heads to the water—the ventricular surface

Subependmyal enhancement is very specific for tumor progression (93% sensitivity), but it isn’t commonly seen (38% sensitive). Image
Read 8 tweets
Aug 7
1/Tired of always speculating about MR spectroscopy?

If you've ever looked at an MR spectroscopy & thought: "I have no idea what I’m looking at!"--then this cheat sheet is for you!

Here's a thread on the 4 basic rules you need to understand the spectrum of basic spectroscopy! Image
2/First you need to know the peaks.

There are 3 main peaks: Choline, Creatine, NAA

Remember the order bc a spectrum looks like mountain peaks & it is cold in the mountains.

And CHOld CREATures NAp or hibernate in the mountains Image
3/First peak is Choline

It's a marker of membrane turnover

You can remember this because membranes coat or “CHOat” the cell Image
Read 11 tweets
Aug 2
1/Wish that your knowledge of autoimmune encephalitis was automatic?

Do you feel in limbo when it comes to the causes of limbic encephalitis?

Do you know the patterns of autoimmune encephalitis?

Here’s a thread with some hints to help you figure it all out! Image
2/Two pearls:
(1) Most common pattern is limbic encephalitis
(2) Small cell can cause any autoimmune pattern.

You can also remember the causes by the demographic:
🔸Young man: testicular
🔸Older: Small cell
🔸Woman with psychiatric symptoms: breast Image
3/Limbic encephalitis is the most common pattern

But it has many, many different causes

Remember--limbic involvement is shaped like a question mark!

So for limbic encephalitis, the cause remains a question bc the differential is so broad

Must question & clinically correlate! Image
Read 7 tweets
Jul 23
1/To call it or not to call it? That is the question!

Do you feel a bit wacky & wobbly when it comes to calling normal pressure hydrocephalus on imaging?

You don’t want to overcall it, but you don’t want to miss it either!

Let me help you out w/a thread about imaging in NPH! Image
2/First, you must understand the pathophysiology of “idiopathic” or iNPH.

It was first described in 1965—but, of the original six in the 1965 cohort, 4 were found to have underlying causes for hydrocephalus.

This begs the question—when do you stop looking & call it idiopathic? Image
3/Thus, some don’t believe true idiopathic NPH exists.

After all, it’s a syndrome defined essentially only by response to a treatment w/o ever a placebo-controlled trial.

However, most believe iNPH does exist--but underlying etiology is controversial. Several theories exist Image
Read 19 tweets

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