Lea Alhilali, MD Profile picture
Jun 22, 2022 9 tweets 6 min read Read on X
1/Understanding cervical radiculopathy is a pain in the neck! But knowing the distributions can help your search
A 🧵to help you remember cervical radicular pain distributions #medstudenttwitter #medtwitter #radres #FOAMed #FOAMrad #neurorad #Meded #backpain #spine #Neurosurgery
2/First, a rule of thumb—or rather a rule of elbow! You have 10 fingers. If you divide that in half, you get 5. Similarly, if you divide your arm in half at the elbow, you get 5--C5 that is! C5 radiates towards the elbow. So if it radiates below this, it is > C5 & above is < C5
3/So let’s start with C2. C2 predominantly radiates along the dorsal aspect of the scalp, as it supplies the greater occipital nerve. I remember this bc the number 2 has a swan like neck that mimics the contour of the back of the head and its distribution
4/Next is C3. C3 starts radiating right around the ear and circles around to the front of the neck, as it is a contributor to the great auricular nerve and anterior cutaneous nerve of the neck. I remember how it starts bc the number 3 looks like those big grandpa ears.
5/C4 radiates along the suprclavicular fossa, as it helps innervate the supraclavicular nerve, and goes towards the deltoid. I remember this because the triangular part of the number 4 looks the bulging deltoids that you always see on TV, but never in real life 😂
6/I remember C5 using that general rule that half of the number of fingers (5) equals halfway down the arm (elbow). C5 radiates towards the elbow.
7/C6 radiates to the thumb. I remember this because when you count to 6, you use up all the fingers on one hand and then end on the thumb of the next hand. So you end on a thumb when you count to 6 and C6 radiates to the thumb
8/We only have two cervical nerves left (C7, C8) for the 4 fingers left. So we will just use every other finger. So starting with C6 at the thumb—skip a finger gets you to the middle finger, that’s C7, skip the next finger gets you to the pinky, and that’s C8!
9/Now you know where in the c-spine to look when a patient has pain radiating from the neck—but remember there are subtleties to this & these are general guidelines to help you. Hopefully, remembering cervical radicular pain distributions will no longer be a pain in the neck!

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More from @teachplaygrub

May 8
1/Asking “How old are you?” can be dicey—both in real life & on MRI!

Do you know how to tell the age of blood on MRI?

Here’s a thread on how to date blood on MRI!

After reading this, when you see a hemorrhage, your guess on its age will always be in the right vein! Image
2/If you ask someone how to date blood on MRI, they’ll spit out a crazy mnemonic about babies that tells you what signal blood should be on T1 & T2 imaging by age.

But mnemonics are crutch—they help you memorize, but not understand

If you understand, you don’t need to memorize Image
3/If you look at the mnemonic, you will notice one thing—the T1 signal is all you need to tell if blood is acute, subacute or chronic.

T2 signal will tell if it is early or late in each of those time periods—but that type of detail isn’t needed in real life

So let’s look at T1 Image
Read 21 tweets
May 3
1/Time to go with the flow!

Hoping no one notices you don’t know the anatomy of internal carotid (ICA)?

Do you say “carotid siphon” & hope no one asks for more detail?

Here’s a thread to help you siphon off some information about ICA anatomy! Image
2/ICA is like a staircase—winding up through important anatomic regions like a staircase winding up to each floor Lobby is the neck.

First floor is skullbase/carotid canal. Next it stops at the cavernous sinus, before finally reaching the rooftop balcony of the intradural space. Image
3/ICA is divided into numbered segments based on landmarks that denote transitions on its way up the floors.

C1 is in the lobby or neck.

You can remember this b/c the number 1 looks elongated & straight like a neck. Image
Read 10 tweets
Apr 25
1/Have some confusion about tumor perfusion?

Do you go into a coma looking at scans for glioma?

Never fear!

Read on for this month's @theAJNR SCANtastic for what you need to know on the latest in brain tumor imaging!

ajnr.org/content/45/4/4…
Image
@TheAJNR 2/Since the prehistoric days of medicine (1979!), we knew that some brain tumor patients treated w/radiation (XRT) initially declined, but then get better.

Today, we see this on imaging, where it looks worse early, but then gets better.

Now we call this pseudoprogression. Image
@TheAJNR 3/Why does this happen?

XRT induces a lot of inflammatory changes—from initiating the complement cascade to opening the blood brain barrier (BBB)

It’s these inflammatory changes that make the imaging look worse. Image
Read 21 tweets
Apr 19
1/Having trouble remembering how to differentiate dementias on imaging?

Is looking at dementia PET scans one of your PET peeves?

Here’s a thread to show you how to remember the imaging findings in dementia & never forget! Image
2/The most common functional imaging used in dementia is FDG PET. And the most common dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

On PET, AD demonstrates a typical Nike swoosh pattern—with decreased metabolism in the parietal & temporal regions Image
3/The swoosh rapidly tapers anteriorly—& so does hypometabolism in AD in the temporal lobe. It usually spares the anterior temporal poles.

So in AD look for a rapidly tapering Nike swoosh, w/hypometabolism in the parietal/temporal regions—sparing the anterior temporal pole Image
Read 16 tweets
Apr 18
1/”That’s a ninja turtle looking at me!” I exclaimed.

My fellow rolled his eyes, “Why do I feel I’m going to see this on X or twitter soon…”

He was right!

A thread about one of my favorite imaging findings & pathology behind it ! Image
2/Now the ninja turtle isn’t an actual sign—yet!

But I am hoping to make it go viral as one.

To understand what this ninja turtle is, you first have to know the anatomy in this region.

I have always thought the medulla looks like a 3 leaf clover in this region. Image
3/ The most medial bump of the clover is the medullary pyramid (motor fibers).

Next to it is the inferior olivary nucleus (ION), & finally, the last largest leaf is the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Now you can see that the ninja turtle eyes correspond to the ION. Image
Read 11 tweets
Apr 17
1/CSF leaks are controversial!

Some say they're overdiagnosed, others underdiagnosed

How can YOU make sure you aren’t under or overdiagnosing?

Are you BERN-ing to know when to suspect CSF leak?

Here’s a 🧵about the CSF leak Bern score so you don’t get BERN-ed by CSF leaks Image
2/In CSF leaks, everyone knows about brain sagging.

But this can happen w/other diseases, ie Chiari 1.

Other findings can be seen on brain MRI in CSF leaks.

But what are these findings & are some findings more suggestive than others?

Do⬆️findings = ⬆️suspicion? Image
3/The Bern group looked at 9 quantitative & 7 qualitative signs seen on brain MRI in CSF leaks to see which are most important.

Depending on type & # of findings, they developed a score to indicate what level of suspicion you should have for a leak. Image
Read 15 tweets

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