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Lazarus Long Profile picture
@LazarusLong13
Jul 26, 2022 • 44 tweets • 23 min read • Read on X
Speaking of the CDC - a thread on them NOT recommending masks - although an outbreak on a plane in 2021 was stopped by masks.

Per the actual monkeypox lead for the CDC.

And more - enjoy:

#MonkeypoxIsAirborne.

According to the CDC Travel department. Thank you, @jmcrookston .

"... Person to person spread is principally respiratory..."

Someone is going to try and squawk about respiratory droplets. Let's head that off at the pass.

wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowb… Image
The word is respiratory. Not respiratory droplets.

The word comes from respire.

Which comes from the Latin word "respirare."

To breathe in, and to breathe out.

I don't breathe in and out spittle. Neither do you.

We both breathe in and out aerosols. Airborne aerosols. Image
Expect that page to change now that I am notifying @CDCgov that their travel department has given the game away.

And relax. Breathe in clean air through your N95. Don't breathe in monkeypox.

(H/t @fitterhappierAJ ) Image
If there is asymptomatic transmission with a disease already suspected of airborne transmission? Odds go way up that it's airborne.

Because it moves airborne ahead of droplets. No symptoms means no coughing (no droplets).

Further tying asymptomatic transmission to monkeypox. It would be foolhardy to think this does not happen.

You might wonder why I am hammering down on this? #CoVidIsAirborne was SIGNIFICANTLY delayed due to authorities proclaiming not airborne since not asymptomatic.

Not this
time.

At the very least, even the most stubborn Benjamin Button type of science writer would concede that we should assume asymptomatic transmission is occurring.

Especially because they report what the authorities are reporting.

And the CDC as seen in an MMWR, used the
precautionary principle to euthanize those animals who might have asymptomatically transmitted monkeypox.

This was the 2003 outbreak:
cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/m… Image
This next one is an exercise in logic and an understanding of aerosols.

H/T @NjbBari3 !

Ok, noninvasive means ... See 👇

And here's the thing.

Those who were close to an animal? 80% experienced upper respiratory symptoms.

Using Occam's Razor, is it more likely the person touched the animal, then their mouth having just touched a prairie dog? Image
Or they were close enough for the concentrated cloud of near field aerosols surrounding the clustered cages, to be inhaled?

Keeping in mind, fomites, once thought to be one of the two main ways of infection of CoVid, are now relegated to the 1in 10,000 kitchen junk drawer.
Now, this is a HOT #MonkeypoxIsAirborne update.

You see, evidently they have been collaborating with Congo for a long time.

And it turns out it's airborne.

Per them.

H/t to @lavika and @sri_srikrishna .

Image
Of course, some will try to twist the above sneezing and coughing to mean droplet.

The key is "through the air" . And this is why you are glad that a #CoVidIsAirborne team member is now giving you the guided tour.

Because the phrase "through the air" has only one
meaning in CDC-landia.

For example, with TB. For sure known to be airborne by the CDC.

"Through the air."👇

cdc.gov/tb/publication… Image
Here is the Congo travel warning. Lots of backups to web archive.

wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices…
Another #MonkeyPoxIsAirborne Update!

H/T @DrEricDing and the US DHS.

"Humans can be contagious
before a visible rash appears and can continue shedding the virus weeks after symptoms
have dissipated. "

No symptoms means no lesions. No coughing.
dhs.gov/sites/default/…
What does that leave?

Just like CoVid, breathing, talking, laughing, etc - because it is airborne via aerosols.

And look at that, @celinegounder @benryanwriter, DHS confirming airborne aerosols

"Sources of laboratory-acquired infections include exposure to aerosols..." Image
The CDC should just write this thread on #MonkeypoxIsAirborne .

"... Wear a well-fitting mask..."

You don't need a mask for lesions or fomites.

You don't need a well-fitting mask for droplets.

You only need a well-fitting mask for airborne.

Image
This is getting embarrassing.

How is a smaller Anon account just beating the daylights out of the @CDCgov with their own words, over and over?

BTW, @CDCgov, in the linked doc, why not just recommend N95s?

There is no shortage.

Hmm.. let me put it in terms you can
understand.

@3M, a multinational corporation, will make more money if you actually say "N95."

(No offense intended 3M... Love your products, but when you speak to 5 year olds, you have to use words they understand.)
Yet another source for #MonkeyPoxIsAirborne.

Dynamed. A point of care solution by physicians for physicians.
dynamed.com/condition/orth… Image
Another update for #MonkeyPoxIsAirborne.

H/t @citlanx.

@celinegounder along with Benjamin has been pointing to the mostly MSM network of transmission as proof positive that it's not airborne.

As I have pointed out, it's just in that network.
Eventually, it will branch out.
You know the phrase - if you don't know your history, you will be doomed to repeat it?

Back in 2008, everyone was reporting that the drug-resistant MRSA was relegated to the MSM network.

And it was. For example, the @nytimes itself reported that MRSA was isolated to gay men.
archive.ph/ZNjAc

"A separate part of the study found that gay men in San Francisco were about 13 times more likely to be infected than other people in the city."

I am grateful that @apoorva_nyc has been reporting the possibilities of airborne transmission
in the NYTimes - even in the face of pushback from the CDC Director.

This MSRA history might be handy, Ms. Mandavilli.
archive.ph/Ftkc2d

Because there is no more mention of MSM with MRSA.

Sometime in the near future, certain parties will take a
mayoclinic.org/diseases-condi…
a break from Twitter. The CDC's website (am I the only one who views the focus on MSM as homophobic?) will be quietly redacted.
Welcome to the #MonkeypoxIsAirborne thread, @RougeMatisse

Excellent thread disconnecting sexual activity from Monkeypox.

Keep in mind - when we engage in sexual activity, our respiration rate increases - which means we see an increase in intake of aerosols.

Masters and Johnson had some classic work embedded in this study - the whole thing was fascinating.
sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1016/s0002-…
I haven't found any studies actually documenting the production of aerosols during sex - would love to give a H/t and include you in the thread if you know of one.

Given that the Gesundheit 2 might be ergonomically difficult to work with during sexual activity? Image
Another #MonkeyPoxIsAirborne update.

I almost feel sorry for
@benryanwriter @celinegounder as the onslaught of non-MSM cases begins.

You two probably won't watch it all the way through, but yep.... she shared that it's also airborne.

tiktok.com/t/ZTRUfTThX/?k…
I've just deleted a tweet where I stated that Monkeypox is only handled at BSL4 labs - that was incorrect.

The law does state that:
law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/73…

But, there was a caveat not viewable on that page, but over here is citation #4.

selectagents.gov/sat/list.htm

My apologies! Image
#MonkeyPoxisAirborne - because we breathe it out through - even when there are NO lesions present.

If lesions are present, then it's even more airborne due to those nasty little skin flakes.

Mask up, folks.
#MonkeyPoxIsAirborne - via a saliva test that correctly predicted the infected.

Huh?

Please bear with me.

Excellent results for saliva test:
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

This is huge for ring vaccination strategies.

Also, huge for airborne. 5 of 22 had no symptoms at the Image
time of test. 23%.

4 of the 5 did not have symptoms AT THE TIME. Which meant they went on to develop symptoms.

And yet they tested positive.

The authors nailed it as a concern.

Most likely - if you can test for it? You can spread it.

Mask it up! Image
#MonkeypoxIsAirborne because fomites are very rare.

"Only about 0.2% of people have caught the virus through contact with contaminated material, according to a recent report from the WHO."

Which suddenly make the sorts of reports in the next tweet?

statnews.com/2022/08/10/wha…
Make you realize it's airborne.

A Six Flags worker caught it just by walking by his coworker.

Image
#MonkeypoxIsAirborne - because NHS from the UK says its spread by coughing or sneezing. Which as we all know is accompanied by turbulent clouds of aerosols.

Which are airborne. This is for sneezing - coughing has the same basic mechanism.

nhs.uk/conditions/mon… Image
As always - there are many forms of transmission with monkeypox. Though as we saw above, thanks to the WHO, actual fomite-based infection is far below .5% of cases.

"A new airborne Ebola-like viral disease, referred to as ‘Monkeypox’ has hit the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital."

"They said the symptoms of the disease include...cough.."

H/t @mdc_martinus for:
guardian.ng/news/monkey-po…

H/t @Iamgoingtosleep for the top qt and pic. Image
A mystery infection. How, oh how, could he have been infected?

#MonkeypoxIsAirborne. Second study this progression has been observed.

Enters respiratory. Then to lymph, the off to the races, and finally the lesions on the skin.

H/t @beansprouts_mom

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More from @LazarusLong13

Lazarus Long Profile picture
Dec 23
Ozone. A pollutant no matter where it is - outdoors or indoors.

#DYK that indoor inhalation is 25% to 60% of total intake? Per Weschler?

iaqscience.lbl.gov/increases-ozone

#DYK that MOST indoor ozone comes from OUTDOORS? Per Weschler?

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC16…

Truly worried?

🧵 Accounting for the differences between indoor and outdoor air ozone concentrations, Weschler [6] has estimated that indoor exposures to ozone are typically 45% to 75% of total exposures. Because breathing rates are lower when people are indoors, the indoor inhalation intake of ozone is typically 25% to 60% of total ozone intake. These estimates may be low for the population most affected by ozone—infants, the elderly, and those with respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, if there is no threshold concentration for the health effects of ozone, or if the threshold is low, roughl...
Although there are indoor sources of ozone, in most buildings indoor ozone has been transported from outdoors (Weschler 2000). Indoor ozone concentrations track outdoor concentrations with a slight time lag that depends on the air exchange rate. Ozone is removed by indoor surfaces as well as by gas-phase reactions, and hence, indoor concentrations tend to be smaller than co-occurring outdoor levels.
If you are TRULY worried, you should be focused on eliminating ozone, right?

You would be slipping into people's threads and sharing these cheap DIY activated carbon builds, right?

Because if you are TRULY concerned about ozone, you would not be slipping into threads of people showing pictures of their new FAR-UVC Torches - for any other reason, but to share the good word that the miniscule ozone generated could be eliminated.

VIRUS and OZONE free air.
Read 8 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Dec 21
ACH ACPH - Air Exchanges per Hour.

An important topic since way before 2020, but given fresh vigor with our collective interest in clean air. Not just disease free air, but VOC, PFA, microplastic, mold, UFP, PM 1, PM 2.5, etc.

The outside air will infiltrate inside.

🧵
That ☝️picture is not typical.

Typical ACH - there can be general estimates, but every house is different. You can determine your own, as shown by @jljcolorado with help 👇👇. Jump to the section shown 👇.

medium.com/@jjose_19945/h…

The estimator is here
docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u… How to estimate the ventilation rate in practice
I am grateful for input and suggestions on this topic from Andy Persily, Shelly Miller, Dustin Poppendiek, Ty Newell, Rich Corsi, Bill Bahnfleth, and Jeff Siegel.
The thread about that article is here. Some excellent discussion on it by some very good scientists, including those Dr. Jimenez acknowledges. Those folks are also on Xitter.

Read 15 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Dec 21
Ozone. FAR-UVC. GUV222.

New preprint.

Room with 1.3 ACH (1.3 h-1) (like your home).

1 lamp was good enough to disinfect room. Produced "negligible" ozone. -0.62 ±0.03 ppb

Even with 4x the needed strength? 6.98 ±0.24 ppb. -0.62 ±0.03
We refer to this room as “Room A.” Room A has no window, and is connected via a door to a large, open plan lounge area in the office suite. This Lounge space was used for baseline measurements. The door between Room A and the Lounge was closed during experiments. The air exchange rate in Room A was measured using the CO2 tracer method [33] with portable CO2 sensors (Aranet4) to be 1.3 h-1 (Supplementary Information). Room A and the lounge are carpeted. Room A is equipped with a conference table, a small wooden desk, and chairs. It also has room lighting and a wall-mounted computer monitor. ...
Tests with a single fixture used a Lumenlabs Lumenizer 300 (Lumenlabs, Shanghai, China) and tests with four fixtures used Lumenlabs Zone devices. Each of these fixtures contains three optically filtered KrCl bulbs with a peak emission wavelength of 222 nm. The optical output of a Lumenizer fixture is 55 mW and the optical output of a single Zone fixture is 190 mW. According to the manufacturer, each Lumenizer 300 fixture is capable of disinfecting a 4m x 4m room; therefore, a single Lumenizer 300 unit would be normally deployed for a room the size of Room A in this study. That is to say, th...
The conclusion? One lamp does not impact the air quality.

With 4 times OVERKILL.

Under 10 ppb. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA)? minor increases in particulate matter (16% increase particulate matter, 10 % increase in particle number count). We have observed the effects of far-UVC on indoor ozone and particulate matter under conditions of real-world application in a small conference room with low ventilation. We find that a single Lumenizer 300 far-UVC lamp, specified by the manufacturer to be sufficient for disinfection of the space, does not negatively impact indoor air quality through net generation of O3 or PM under the conditions of our experiment. Far-UVC may be a valuable component of a multilayer approach to reduce the risk of transmission of respiratory viruses, used in combination with ventilation and other interventi...
This was not Nukit's lamp.

But it was the same wavelength.



Context.... chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxi…The far-UVC average fluence used for the lower-intensity (single lamp) experiments in this study was 0.2 μW cm-2. According to the manufacturer, one lamp is recommended for disinfection of a room the size of Room A. The modelled average fluence and irradiance values are consistent with conditions observed by Eadie et al. in a chamber study to reduce airborne pathogens (S. aureus) by 92% or more [16]. Under these conditions, we did not measure significant changes in ozone level or particulate matter in Room A, despite the relatively low ventilation conditions in the room
Read 5 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Dec 20
Not sure what is going on with @HealthcareGlob1 - they sure seem to have it out for @NukitToBeSure.

They blocked me after I pointed out that they were incorrect. I could care less about being blocked.

I do care they did not address the issues I raised. 🧵
They retweeted this tweet from DisabledDoctor, which has numerous issues.

1. FARUVC has been safely
& extensively tested on the eyes. There are a rather large number of studies on the topic.

2. FARUVC will not cause AQ issues, besides a Yup. Not even considering the fact that she recommends using her far-UV devices in ways that are possibly unsafe (pointed at face as they are untested on eyes and in poorly ventilated indoor spaces where it is likely it will cause air quality issues leading to or exacerbating respiratory problems). She's harming vulnerable people while profiting off of them and she seems to give no fucks while somehow managing to get people to aggressively support her when she is (fairly) criticized. She's a master manipulator 8:08 AM 11 Sep 29, 2024 7,975 Views
negligible amount of ozone.

But that's not me saying that, but the studies. Two studies in well sealed rooms - about 5 parts per billion, 5 ppb.

If you are in a well sealed room, you would want that window cracked, anyway, right?

If not, and you are In summary, the two published measurements of far-UVC associated ozone in real-world settings, both around 5 ppb, are likely to be upper limits in terms of real-life far-UVC usage; this is both because of the far-UVC doses used in the studies, but also because both rooms were comparatively well sealed (respectively 0.4 and 1.4 ACH, see Table 1), whereas far-UVC will predominantly be used in public indoor spaces, which typically feature higher air-exchange rates.18 Overall it is reasonable to assume that far-UVC-associated ozone levels in real-life settings are extremely unlikely to exceed 1...
Read 13 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Dec 15
Got HEPAs and or a #CorsiRosenthalBox and still have VOC's?

(New furniture, left over smoke damage, odor, etc)

Welcome to @TheFandelier Quick VOC BUILD!

Goal below.
Slap filter on counter.
Slap fan on filter.
Slap USB adapter on fan.
Go.

/1 TruSens DuPont Odor & VOC Filter with True HEPA for Z-3000 TruSens Air Purifier with SilverStone fan.
THE FILTER.

TruSens DuPont Odor & VOC Filter with True HEPA for Z-3000 TruSens Air Purifier

This filter has more carbon than the others from this brand.

"The filter comes w/foam surrounds that make a seal w table and fan."

UPC is 038576802810

a.co/d/gcKIL5KBrandTruSens MaterialCarbon Fiber MERV Rating16 Compatible DevicesAir Purifier Item Weight1050 Grams UPC038576802810 ODOR & VOC DEFENSE : Activated carbon filter helps combat cooking and cleaning odors, and reduces airborne VOCs such as ammonia, acetone and formaldehyde. True HEPA filter captures common pollutants.
the Odor & VOC carbon drum has 3 layers of carbon
The link above will go dead eventually - that's why I am listing the full name above, so you can search for it.

THE FAN.

Silveratone AP183 140cfm is the one you want. The Silverstone AP 180mm is a great choice for the Maxx Core. It comes in a few flavors with varying price and cfm. They are all very sturdy. AP181 100cfm AP182 167cfm AP183 140cfm AP184 143cfm The 181 is very much slower than the others/cheapest. Get 183 if poss best bang/$
Read 15 tweets
Lazarus Long Profile picture
Dec 14
The CDC decides if you, the other patients, and your HCWs wear surgical masks, N95s, or no masks in hospitals. Where you go to get better, not sicker.

They obey the HICPAC, who voted for NO MASKS - based primarily on one study to justify it.

A 🧵 of an inadvertent giant lie? N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks for Preventing Influenza Among Health Care Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial
I suspect it's not actually a lie - except it kind of is. You read and decide.

The study is Radonovitch (2019). It was done from 2011-2015.

Back then, most everyone, including the authors 👇, thought respiratory viruses were primarily transmitted by actual large droplets. Respiratory viruses are primarily transmitted by large droplets. Because a fraction of respi- ratory viruses may be transmitted by aerosol, N95 respirators have been presumed to pro- vide better protection than medical masks against viral respiratory infections in health care settings.2 However, definitive evidence of
Design and Oversight This cluster randomized, multicenter, prag- matic effectiveness trial 16 conducted between September 2011 and May 2015, with final fol- low-up on June 28, 2016, compared the effect of N95 respirators, used as recommended dur- ing the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, 13 and medical masks, used as recommended to prevent sea- sonal influenza 17,18 and other viral respiratory infections and illnesses, among HCP.17 The in-
Would N95s really be worth the extra cost, if that was true? (No.)

The study was a massive undertaking. It was done at 137 sites, spread over 7 healthcare systems, 5 states and Washington DC.

The investigators were blinded to who had N95s and who had surgical masks. year of participation. Study intervention sites included outpatient settings at the Children's Hospital Colorado (Aurora), Denver Health Medical Center (Denver, Colorado), Johns Hopkins Health System (Baltimore, Maryland), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center (Houston, Texas), VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System (Denver), Washington DC VA Medical Center, and VA New York Harbor Healthcare System (New York). Sample storage and data analysis sites
Read 30 tweets

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