Lea Alhilali, MD Profile picture
Aug 18, 2022 9 tweets 6 min read Read on X
1/Does trying to figure out cochlear anatomy cause your head to spiral? Hungry for some help?
Here’s a #tweetorial to help you untwist cochlear CT anatomy w/food analogies!
#medtwitter #FOAMed #FOAMrad #medstudenttwitter #medstudent #neurorad #radres
@MedTweetorials #HNrad Image
2/On axial temporal bone CT, you cannot see the whole cochlea at once. So let’s start at the bottom. The first thing you come to is the basal turn of the cochlea (makes sense, basal=bottom). On axial images, it looks like a banana. I remember both Basal and Banana start w/B. Image
3/As you move up to the next slice, you start to see the upper turns of the cochlea coming in above the basal turn. They look like a stack of pancakes. Pancakes are the heart of any breakfast, so they are at the heart or middle of the cochlea on imaging. Image
4/On this slice showing pancakes, you can see the round window and the round window niche. I remember that this slice is where you can see the round window bc pancakes are ROUND. Image
5/As you move up, you leave the basal turn behind & see only the upper turns. These no longer look like pancakes bc cochlear scala separate them. Instead they look like a bunch of cherries. I know I’m at the cochlea top when I see cherries bc you always put a cherry on top! Image
6/Here’s an easy way to remember the order of the appearance of the cochlea. Starting at the basal turn, B is for banana & basal. Bananas can make banana pancakes, so the next slice is pancakes. Finally, you put a cherry on top of the pancakes, so top of the cochlea is cherries. Image
7/On the coronal plane, you get a sense of the spiral nature of the cochlea. It looks like the spiral of a snail’s shell. Image
8/Looking closely, you can see eyes of the snail on coronal images.Eyes are right in front of the cochlear snail shell—canal of labyrinthine facial nerve segment going anterior & canal of the tympanic segment coming back. Makes sense that the FACIAL nerve canal would be the EYES Image
9/So now you know the anatomy of the cochlea, so it won’t just look like the layered rolls of Jabba the Hutt to you. May the force of this knowledge be with you! Image

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More from @teachplaygrub

Apr 25
1/Have some confusion about tumor perfusion?

Do you go into a coma looking at scans for glioma?

Never fear!

Read on for this month's @theAJNR SCANtastic for what you need to know on the latest in brain tumor imaging!

ajnr.org/content/45/4/4…
Image
@TheAJNR 2/Since the prehistoric days of medicine (1979!), we knew that some brain tumor patients treated w/radiation (XRT) initially declined, but then get better.

Today, we see this on imaging, where it looks worse early, but then gets better.

Now we call this pseudoprogression. Image
@TheAJNR 3/Why does this happen?

XRT induces a lot of inflammatory changes—from initiating the complement cascade to opening the blood brain barrier (BBB)

It’s these inflammatory changes that make the imaging look worse. Image
Read 21 tweets
Apr 19
1/Having trouble remembering how to differentiate dementias on imaging?

Is looking at dementia PET scans one of your PET peeves?

Here’s a thread to show you how to remember the imaging findings in dementia & never forget! Image
2/The most common functional imaging used in dementia is FDG PET. And the most common dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

On PET, AD demonstrates a typical Nike swoosh pattern—with decreased metabolism in the parietal & temporal regions Image
3/The swoosh rapidly tapers anteriorly—& so does hypometabolism in AD in the temporal lobe. It usually spares the anterior temporal poles.

So in AD look for a rapidly tapering Nike swoosh, w/hypometabolism in the parietal/temporal regions—sparing the anterior temporal pole Image
Read 16 tweets
Apr 18
1/”That’s a ninja turtle looking at me!” I exclaimed.

My fellow rolled his eyes, “Why do I feel I’m going to see this on X or twitter soon…”

He was right!

A thread about one of my favorite imaging findings & pathology behind it ! Image
2/Now the ninja turtle isn’t an actual sign—yet!

But I am hoping to make it go viral as one.

To understand what this ninja turtle is, you first have to know the anatomy in this region.

I have always thought the medulla looks like a 3 leaf clover in this region. Image
3/ The most medial bump of the clover is the medullary pyramid (motor fibers).

Next to it is the inferior olivary nucleus (ION), & finally, the last largest leaf is the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Now you can see that the ninja turtle eyes correspond to the ION. Image
Read 11 tweets
Apr 17
1/CSF leaks are controversial!

Some say they're overdiagnosed, others underdiagnosed

How can YOU make sure you aren’t under or overdiagnosing?

Are you BERN-ing to know when to suspect CSF leak?

Here’s a 🧵about the CSF leak Bern score so you don’t get BERN-ed by CSF leaks Image
2/In CSF leaks, everyone knows about brain sagging.

But this can happen w/other diseases, ie Chiari 1.

Other findings can be seen on brain MRI in CSF leaks.

But what are these findings & are some findings more suggestive than others?

Do⬆️findings = ⬆️suspicion? Image
3/The Bern group looked at 9 quantitative & 7 qualitative signs seen on brain MRI in CSF leaks to see which are most important.

Depending on type & # of findings, they developed a score to indicate what level of suspicion you should have for a leak. Image
Read 15 tweets
Apr 15
1/Is remembering cerebellar anatomy making you dizzy?

Need help telling your flocculus from your nodule?

How much cerebellar anatomy do YOU know?

Here’s some help w/an anatomy thread on the 9 lobules of the vermis! Image
2/Coming from anterior, the first lobule is the lingula

It sticks out from the front of the vermis & is connected to the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP)

I remember this bc of its very appropriate name—lingula—it looks like a tongue sticking out of the vermis to lick the SCP Image
3/Moving clockwise, next is the central lobule

I remember this bc it's positioned exactly how a central lobule should be positioned, in the driver’s seat!

It's where the front driver position would be if the vermis was a car—up front, looking out a windshield over the lingula Image
Read 12 tweets
Apr 12
1/Time is brain! But what time is it?

If you don’t know the time of stroke onset, are you able to deduce it from imaging?

Here’s a thread to help you date a stroke on MRI! Image
2/In ~25% of acute stroke patients, the time of last known well is well, not known.

Then it’s important to use the stroke’s MR imaging features to help date its timing.

Is it hyperacute? Acute? Subacute? Or are the “stroke” symptoms from a seizure from their chronic infarct? Image
3/Strokes evolve, or grow old, the same way people evolve or grow old.

Appearance of stroke on imaging mirrors the life stages of a person—you just have to change days for a stroke into years for a person.

So 15 day old stroke has features of a 15 year old person, etc. Image
Read 22 tweets

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