Good morning wonderful people! How much do you know about the VHP-America? Buckle-up.
The VHP heads one of the major wings of the Sangh Parivar (family of Hindu nationalist groups headed by the paramilitary RSS). The VHP oversees religious affairs.
Many of the big Sangh groups have parallels in American and the US, often sharing a near exact name.
So, we have the VHP in India and the VHP-American in the US.
In India, the VHP is violent. So violent that the American CIA has flagged it as militant.
The VHP-A was the first Hindutva group formally established on American soil. This is unusual. More commonly, the HSS leads (because the HSS is the RSS overseas).
Why did the VHP establish a US-based group first? Maybe a nod to American religiosity? Hindutva adapts to contexts.
The VHPA has a long track record of promoting hate speech and general violence in the US.
Some examples here of specific speakers.
Also note the VHPA's 1998 code of conduct for Hindus, which encouraged "assertiveness and aggressiveness."
A word on terminology and claims -- The VHPA are hardcore Hindu nationalists. They do not speak for all American Hindus.
But they want to speak for all American Hindus. If that upsets you, I agree. There is a way in which their violence extends to illegitimate community claims.
This is where American politicians should be careful -- I know groups like the VHPA walk into your offices and claim to represent an entire minority community. They are lying.
If you repeat their propaganda, you're maligning a whole community as Hindutva. Don't do that.
Enough for today. You can read more about the American Sangh Parivar, including the VHPA, here. Don't know what the Sangh Parivar is? Then definitely read on:
The Hindu Right has been part of American life for half a century.
They promote a far-right ideology known as Hindutva or Hindu nationalism.
We need to understand who they are, how they organize, their primary goals in American life, and their overseas links. #Hindutva
I lay out much of this in this article, published as part of the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History and intended as a scholarly reference work.
Over the coming days, I'll be sharing small vignettes, to increase public awareness & education.
Today's vignette -- Basics on the Hindu American Foundation, a group with ties to many other Hindutva groups including the RSS (Indian), HSS (American), BJP (Indian), HSC (American), and VHPA (American)
On caste, there's so much to read. Right now the Hindu Right is entrenched in their ill-informed view that caste is only in dharmashastra literature. It's a lot more pervasive. Here's a great book that looks at caste in the premodern Panchatantra: amazon.com/Fall-Indigo-Ja…
Reading for today -- Online Hindutva as a global right-wing counterpublic.
Dr. Chopra argues that the Hindu Right, as a far right movements, follows a politics of grievance in understanding itself excluded from public life and creating its own ecosystem.
So, if you're looking for a theory that helps explains how viral WhatsApp forwards, ill-informed tweets, and blatantly false ideas about Hindu texts and Indian history inform vicious right-wing sensibilities in Hindu nationalist circles -- This is your article.
Dr. Chopra notes parallels between Hindu supremacists and white supremacists--
Both espouse a Great Replacement Theory. Both embrace a "civilizational war" view. More recently, Hindu supremacists have borrowed the conspiracy idea of a "deep state" from other far right movements.
The forum is hosted by The Immanent Frame (TIF), a project of the Social Science Research Council.
Two essays are already available, including this introduction to some of what Hindutva shares with other far right movements: tif.ssrc.org/2022/10/12/hin…
In her introductory essay, Dr. Gandhi makes a number of important points.
She begins by describing images of India's Hindu nationalist Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, as participating in a kind of political bhakti. She notes that Hindutva has its own history.
Having finished it, one of my big takeaways is that Savarkar--a major early articulator of Hindutva--embraced religiously-focused violence, as a virtuous activity for Hindus, again and again.
Savarkar's views on violence went far back. For example, in the early 1900s, Savarkar and Mahatma Gandhi discussed the Ramayana and Gita, two Hindu texts.
Gandhi saw the violence in both as metaphors. Savarkar saw it as real and a justification for more Hindu-enacted violence.
In fact, Savarkar saw Hindus as the original colonizers of India, in a sort of mythological blow-up of the theory of Aryan invasions (a theory at the time).
Here's the kicker -- For Savarkar, this early Hindu colonization was a good thing, to be celebrated.
Folks are arguing about whether there was "Hindu religion" during Chola rule (a medieval south Indian dynasty).
Buckle-up folks, it gets complicated, fast.
Key issues here include terms, the definition of religion, the Hindutva obsession with origins, and more.
Starting point -- It really depends on how you define "Hindu" and "Hinduism," both of which are originally etic terms. There is no Sanskrit equivalent of the Perso-Arabic "Hindu".
If we could go back in time, and ask Rajaraja I, in Tamil: Are you Hindu? He wouldn't understand the question. He certainly never identified himself this way.
But talking about religions and identity is often about more than specific terms.