2/ As per legends, Maharaja named Susharma Chandra, fighting for the Kauravas, was engaged to distract Krishna and Arjun by luring them away, to the other side of the chakravyuh. This maharaja belonged to Katoch Dynasty
3/ As per another legend, Katoch was born out of the first Sweat Drop fallen from Devi Ambika's brow which helped Devi fighting 'Raktbeej'
In return, the Goddess gifted him the kingdom of Trigarta, of which Kangra was a part.
4/ Once the Kauravas were defeated, the Maharaja is said to have left his seat in Multan and retreated to Kangra, where he took control of the kingdom of Trigarta and built the Kangra Fort to ward off his enemies.
5/ Porus aka Purushottam lived here to make Alexander tooth sour
6/ On the 23rd of the month of Kartik, Samvat 1839 (1782 AD), Raja Sansar Chand attacked Kangra Fort and defeated #Mughal (converted Mongolians) Governor, Saif Ali Khan as per Inscriptions in Takri and Persian. clevelandart.org/art/2018.120
7/ Inside fort devotees donation was stored in 21 4 meter deep wells.
As per Tarikh-i-Firishta, the fort’s wealth is described as “7,00,000 golden dinars; 700 maunds of gold and silver; 200 maunds gold in ingots; 2000 maunds of silver bullion and 20 maunds of various jewels”.
8/
It was Kangra's wealth that the invaders eyed for including Alexander, Ghazni
9/ Some intricate details on the walls of Kangra Fort testimoning it's richness
Photo: Rafal Cichawa / Alamy Stock Photo
10/ Some beautiful insights from Kangra fort
11/ Deities in Kangra Fort
12/ More Deities and Gods at Kangra Fort
13/ Ruins of Kangra Fort
14/ More pics for curious tweeples
15/ Architecture
Kangra fort
16/ When you go Kangra Mata Mandir next time do visit this least talked about most important Fort.
Please do share pictures, aI will retweet
"Breast Cloth" and "Mulakkam" : a Breast tax or Adulthood tax
The projection as "Breast-Tax" is a recent twist.
No records in 300 years of history—discovery only 48 years ago.
#thread #bookmark
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Mentions of Breast-Tax in Chronology:
- 1972: Book by T.K. Ravi
- 1973: Book by T.K. Ravi
- 2000: Book by S.N. Sadesivan
- 2011: Book by A. Raju
- 2016: BBC
- 2017: Indiatimes, Scroll, The Hindu
- 2018: Deccan Chronicle, India Today, Movie by Pagare
- 2019: Books by Menon, Emmanuel T, Subhrashis, S. Pillai
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Surprising to see sudden spurt in a story being pushed as an EVIL collectively by several people. Books are being written on a fake story.
Boars embody incredible strength, courage, virility, and ferocity, making them formidable creatures both revered and feared across cultures.
Throughout Bharat's known history, since Kaliyuga in 3101 BCE, Varah has been depicted saving Bhumi Devi, symbolizing the divine intervention and the cosmic duty of preserving the earth. Varah, the boar incarnation of Lord Vishnu, embodies the primal power and resilience necessary to uphold the world.
On the contrary, hunting boar was heroic in known Western history, celebrated in epic tales and royal pastimes, where the hunt tested bravery and skill. The boar was a symbol of both bounty and battle.
In modern times, "suar/swine" is used as an insult, reflecting a shift in perception. Let us begin with what is available on Boar, bridging ancient reverence and contemporary views.
Long thread #Bookmark and Share
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Boars, a species of wild pigs, are believed to have originated in the lush, biodiverse landscapes of Indonesia approximately 4.2 million years ago. Over millennia, these adaptable creatures migrated and thrived across various terrains, leading to their domestication in East and Central Asia around 10,000 years ago. This domestication marked a pivotal shift in human agricultural practices, influencing the development of early civilizations.
Note: The accompanying map serves solely for illustrative purposes and does not delineate modern political boundaries or country borders.
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The presence of wild boar in India is vividly captured through ancient rock art and petroglyphs, with depictions securely dating back to between 30,000 and 12,000 years ago.
1. Bhimbetka wild boar hunting scene: These prehistoric images, spanning 30,000 to 6,000 years before present, offer a glimpse into early human life and their hunting practices, illustrating the boar's significance in survival and culture.
2. Ratnagiri boar: Dating to 12,000 years before present, this depiction highlights the enduring relationship between humans and wild boars, showcasing their importance across millennia.
Crackers are not the real culprits for air pollution in Delhi: It all started with the Punjab and Haryana Water Acts of 2008.
Forget Diwali crackers; let's discuss these acts and their environmental impact. It's not fireworks; the real culprits are often ignored.
Bookmark and share this important information.
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The pollution issue traces back to the 1970s and 80s during the transformative Green Revolution in Punjab and Haryana. Aimed at bolstering national food security, traditional crops like maize, pearl millet, pulses, and oilseeds were swapped for a wheat-paddy rotation. However, the consequences for water tables were overlooked.
The adoption of contemporary irrigation methods, including tube wells, has inadvertently led to over-extraction of groundwater, draining vital aquifers. This depletion poses a serious threat to farming and fresh water resources.
With the change in cultivation patterns, particularly in Punjab, a concerning phenomenon started to unfold—the rapid decline of the water table.
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Punjab Govt Tackles Water Crisis Head-On, Regulates Paddy Cultivation
In 2008, a law was enacted banning farmers from transplanting saplings before June 10.
This move helped conserve water tables but pressured farmers for time, forcing them to cultivate more quickly.
With less time to prepare fields and dispose of plant waste, burning parali has become the only option.
Ever wondered why this year's rainy season is extended and furious?
The answer may lie in the Vedas and Hindu Shastra. Various ancient Sanskrit texts describe cyclic variations in Indian monsoon rainfall occurring every 3, 5, 7, 18, and 60 years. Time series analysis of seasonal rainfall data shows significant peaks near these periods.
We should all know that Venus, Mars, and Jupiter are nearest to the Earth in nearly 1.6, 15-17, and 59-63 years respectively. Indian rainfall oscillates every 2–3, 5–7, 11–12, 18–20, and 60 years. Narasimha and Kailas, using wavelet analysis, confirmed the first four patterns. These cycles vary in amplitude and phase, based on 100 years of data.
Let's check what we have got.
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The monsoon season, known for bringing rain to much of the country, has been depicted in literature since the Rigveda. Vedic texts describe the evaporation-rainfall cycle effected by the Sun.
Out of 3,5,7,18,60 years cycle, 3 and 60 sems to have strong correlation with the rainy season. We shall discuss 3 and 60 with proofs while 5,7,18 we will see what our ancient astronomers have got
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2 Years cycle : Venus
Venus appearance cycle (2-3 years cycle)
Orbitting Venus is nearest to the earth in 1.6 years, two venus orbit however makes roughtly 3 monsoon cycles.
Kautilya’s Arthaśāstra written in 4th century bce observed this phenomenon and its link to the variability in yearly rainfalls based on rainfall figures collected by the metrological department of that time.
In Chapter Agriculture (II.24) he mentions that rainfall for the
season depends on the visibility of Venus
"tasyopalabdhih sukrodayāstamayacārebhyah śukrādvrriti"
Kautilya expects good rainfall if Venus were to be sighted in the eastern sky during the monsoon season.
As per data analytics, the Venus visibility portent stated in the Arthaśāstra appears to be a proxy for the near three-year fluctuation cycle in the rainfall called the EMSO signature.
While scientists are still searching for the extinct "Saraswati" River, a possible clue lies in the Arabian Sea.
A 100 km ridge on the sea shelf, at depths ranging from 50 to 300 meters, aligns with the probable course of the mighty Saraswati River. It is believed that the Saraswati River flowed for about 15,000 years before becoming extinct. For approximately 3,000 of those years, it may have flowed through the ridge now submerged 140 meters below today's sea level.
Do we have the "will" to explore possible clues ?
*Ps : This is my personal opinion
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Several ancient Indian texts have provided detailed descriptions of the Saraswati river. Among these, the oldest is the Rig Veda, where the Saraswati river is described as the mightiest and the best among all rivers, despite the term "saras" actually meaning a lake.
The epic Mahabharata also mentions the Saraswati as being lost in the desert sands and then reappearing at different places in its downstream course, making it clear that the composer was aware of the Saraswati losing its flow strength.
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There is a parallel river flowing along with Indus in map by Ptolemy (150 CE). Could this be Saraswati River ? Who knows ? More researches needed.