Weimar 2.0 Electric Boogaloo - It's all just a little bit of history repeating.
Tales in Hyper-Inflation Part 1:
Just before WWI in 1913, the German Mark, British Shilling and Italian lira were worth about the same. At the end of 1923 the Mark was dead, worth one-million-millionth of its former self. It took ten years to die.
How did it die? Gradually at first, then all of a sudden. Exceptional circumstances, the cost of war itself, defeat in WWI and the reparations due, loss of productive territory, all contributed to the downfall of the Mark
In the end, during 1923, was the year of astronomical figures, of 'wheel barrow inflation', a financial phenomenon not witnessed before.
This bankrupted thousands, robbed millions of their livelihoods and killed the hopes of millions more, indirectly extracting a price the whole world had to pay.
In the end, the inflation was so preposterous that it has been passed off as more of a historical curiosity rather than a chain of economic, social and political blunders.
The danger of inflation, however caused, affects its nation: it's government, it's people, it's officials, and it's society.
The more materialistic the society, the more it hurts. Our modern society is engineered and relies on consumption and materialism to further the concept of 'growth forever'.
Advertising executives in 1932 said that "consumer engineering must see to it that we use up the kind of goods we now merely use"
Domestic theorist Christine Frederick observed in 1929 that "the way to break the vicious deadlock of a low standard of living is to spend freely, and even waste creatively"
By 1920 most Americans had experimented with occasional instalment buying. Buy now, pay later, spend, don't save. Borrow from your future earnings. Or in the Gov case, borrow against future taxes.
Collapse of the recognised, trusted medium of exchange unleashes such greed, violence, unhappiness, and hatred, bred from fear, as no society can survive unchanged.
It also gives rise to conditions which allow the rise of extremists from both Right and Left.
These conditions set mob against state, class against class, race against race, family against family, husband against wife, trade against trade, town against country.
It causes the worst in everybody, fosters xenophobia, contempt for government and law. It corrupts where corruption had been unknown before.
The news articles and official records at the time all reported month by month that things could not go on any longer, but they always did, from bad to worse.
As prices increase, people demand not a stable currency, but more money to buy what they need. bbc.co.uk/news/business-…
The more money that's printed, the more prices go up. The more prices go up, the more the people will demand to be paid. People will look for scapegoats that have profited from all the inflationary money printing.
"The factory owners in Germany have growth wealthy: dysentery dissolves our bowels" - All Quiet on the Western Front reuters.com/world/uk/uk-la…
"The country issued milliards in the form of levies, war loans, treasury bonds without withdrawing from circulation, it created new paper income while the national wealth was diminishing".
When Money Dies
This is not the end of the story, I will be working on this thread series, inspired by When Money Dies, Adam Fergusson.
Perhaps just a footnote in the tale of Weimar hyper-inflation is that of Austria-Hungaria after the First World War. The dissolution of which happened as a result of WWI, the 1918 crop failure and the economic crisis (sic, inflation + monetary collapse)
The concept of #Bitcoin is a self replicating thought virus living rent free in your head. It's a cultural unit, that can be transmitted from one mind to another through speech or text. It's a shared cultural experience.
meme (/miːm/ MEEM)
A brief thread 🧵
In the same way that a virus replicates and passes from host to host, ideas compete amongst other ideas in a form of cerebral warfare to sway your perceptions and opinions. When presented with someone else's memetic virus you can have your entire perception of reality altered.
A memetic mind virus is a cultural analogue to genes, in that they self-replicate, mutate, and respond to selective pressures. They are a viral phenomenon that can evolve by natural selection in a manner analogous to that of biological evolution.
Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon.
— Milton Friedman, 1963
Milton Friedman was born in 1912 and died in 2006 aged 94. In 1976 he earned the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy.
The Bland–Allison Act, also referred to as the Grand Bland Plan of 1878, was an act of United States Congress requiring the U.S. Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars.
The five-year depression following the Panic of 1873 caused cheap-money advocates (led by Representative Richard P. Bland, a Democrat of Missouri), to join with silver-producing interests in urging a return to bimetallism, the use of both silver and gold as a standard
The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that triggered an economic depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 to 1877 or 1879 in France and in Britain.
The Panic of 1873 and the subsequent depression had several underlying causes for which economic historians debate the relative importance. American inflation, rampant speculative investments (overwhelmingly in railroads), the demonetization of silver in Germany