1. Federal Scheme 2. Judiciary 3. Office of Governor 4. Ordinance Power: President and Governor 5. Administration at Centre & State Level 6. Emergency Powers (2/17)
How to remember? 🤔
Create logical story:
GoI 1935 brought in 'Federal Scheme'. Which elements will make a strong federation?
- Judiciary
- Administration
- Governor (as rep of center in states)
- Ordinance Power: Pres & Gov
Impose Emergency, if things go down south!❌
USA 🇺🇸
- President as executive head
- Vice President as RS Chair
- President Impeachment and Judges Removal
- Supreme Court, Judicial Review and Independence of Judiciary
- Written Const. + FRs (4/17)
How to remember? 🤔
Use some contextual learning:
POTUS and VP Harris as Senate head are easy to remember. Think of POTUS Trump's impeachment and link it with judiciary (removal + independence)
Easy to correlate and keep in mind! :D
Hogya yaad!💪😎(5/17)
UK 🇬🇧
- Parliamentary System + Bicameral Parliament
- PM and Council of Ministers
- Writ + Rule of Law
- Single Citizenship
- CAG (6/17)
How to remember?🤔
UK's inheritance in all these matters are a no brainer considering our colonial past. Read these ones, you'd be alright!
Hogya yaad!💪😎(7/17)
Canada 🇨🇦
- Governor Appointment + Residuary Powers
- Advisory Jurisdiction of SC
- Federal System (8/17)
How to remember? 🤔
As a former colony itself, Canada needs 'advices' and 'residuary powers'.
In this 'federal system', let the 'governor appointement' be done for the provinces/states
Hogya yaad!💪😎(9/17)
Ireland 🇮🇪
- DPSP
- President's election and RS Nominations by President (10/17)
How to remember? 🤔
Ireland taught our state 'directive principles' to 'elect President' who in turn nominates some members to Rajya Sabha
Hogya yaad!💪😎(11/17)
Australia 🇦🇺
- Cooperative Federalism
- Concurrent List
- Joint Sitting of Parliament (12/17)
How to remember?🤔
Aus is a cat-dog country, everything here is about cooperation and mutual existence. Concurrent, Cooperative Fed or Joint Sitting, everything!
India released Long Term Strategy (LTS) for Low Carbon Development at CoP27 in Egypt.
All that you need to know about LTS for UPSC in this thread. Save it to your notes! 🔁📚 (1/10)
Need of LTS🤔
2015 Paris Agreement mandated all parties to submit two climate action plans.
- Short Term (aka Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs)
- Long Term Strategy (LTS) (2/10)
NDCs😳
- To be submitted every 5 yrs (till 2030)
- Elaborates on 5-10 yr action plan
- India's NDCs include 50% renewable share, 45% reduction in emission(s) from 2005 levels etc. (3/10)