Cory Doctorow NONCONSENSUAL BLUE TICK Profile picture
Feb 2, 2023 58 tweets 15 min read Read on X
#Netflix has unveiled the details of its new anti-#PasswordSharing policy, detailing a suite of complex gymnastics that customers will be expected to undergo if their living arrangements trigger @netflix's automated enforcement mechanisms:

thestreamable.com/news/confirmed… 1/ A Victorian family tree tem...
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pluralistic.net/2023/02/02/non… 2/
Netflix says that its new policy allows members of the same "#household" to share an account. 3/
This policy comes with an assumption: that there is a commonly understood, universal meaning of "household," and that software can determine who is and is not a member of your household.

This is a very old corporate delusion in the world of technology. 4/
In the early 2000s, I spent years trying to bring some balance to an effort at #DVB, whose digital television standards are used in most of the world (but not the USA) when they rolled out #CPCM, a #DRM system that was supposed to limit video-sharing to a single household. 5/
Their term of art for this was the #AuthorizedDomain: a software-defined family unit whose borders were privately negotiated by corporate executives from media companies, broadcasters, tech and consumer electronics companies. 6/
They met in closed-door sessions all around the world, with no public minutes or proceedings, to define the "family."

onezero.medium.com/the-internet-h…

These guys (they were nearly *all* guys) were proud of how much "flexibility" they'd built into their definition of "household." 7/
For example, if you owned a houseboat, or a luxury car with seatback displays, or a summer villa in another country, the Authorized Domain would be able to figure out how to get the video onto all those screens. 8/
But what about other kinds of families? I suggested that one of our test cases should be a family based in Manila: where the dad travels to remote provinces to do agricultural labor; the daughter is a nanny in California; and the son is doing construction work in the UAE. 9/
This suggestion was roundly rejected as an "edge case."

Of course, this isn't an *edge case*. There are orders of magnitude more people whose family looks like this than there are people whose family owns a villa in another country. 10/
Owning a houseboat or a luxury care makes you an outlier. Having an itinerant agricultural breadwinner in your family does *not*. 11/
But everyone who is in the room when a cartel draws up a standard definition of what constitutes a household is almost certainly drawn from a pool that is more likely to have a summer villa than a child doing domestic work or construction labor half a world away. 12/
These weirdos, so dissimilar from the global majority, get to define the boxes that computers will shove the rest of the world into. If your family doesn't look like their family, that's tough: #ComputerSaysNo. 13/
One day at a CPCM meeting, we got to talking about the problem of "content laundering" and how the way to prevent it would be to put limits on how often someone could leave a household and join another one. No one, they argued, would ever have to change households every week. 14/
I put my hand up and said, "What about a child whose divorced parents share custody of her? She's absolutely going to change households every week." 15/
They thought about it for a moment, then the rep from a giant IT company that had recently been convicted of criminal antitrust violations said, "Oh, we can solve that: we'll give her a toll-free number to call when she gets locked out of her account." 16/
That was the solution they went with. If you are a child coping with the dissolution of your parents' marriage, you will have the obligation to call up a media company every month - or more often. 17/
You'll have to explain that Mummy and Daddy don't love each other any more, but can I please have my TV back?

I never forgot that day. I even wrote a science fiction story about it called (what else?) "Authorized Domain":

craphound.com/news/2011/10/3… 18/
I think everyone knew this was an absurd "solution," but they'd already decided that they were going to complete the seemingly straightforward business of defining a category like "household" using software, and once that train left the station, nothing was going to stop it. 19/
This is a recurring form of techno-hubris: the idea that baseline concepts like "family" have crisp definitions and that any exceptions are outliers that would never swallow the rule. 20/
It's such a common misstep that there's a whole *genre* called "Falsehoods Programmers Believe About ______":

github.com/kdeldycke/awes… 21/
In that list: names, time, currency, birthdays, timezones, email addresses, national borders, nations, biometrics, gender, language, alphabets, phone numbers, addresses, systems of measurement, and, of course, families. 22/
These categories are touchstones in our everyday life, and we think we know what they mean - but then we try to define them, and the list of exceptions spirals out into a hairy, fractal infinity. 23/
Historically, these fuzzy categorical edges didn't matter so much, because they were usually interpreted by humans using common sense. 24/
My grandfather was born "Avrom Doctorovitch" (or at least, that's one way to transliterate his name, which was spelled in a different alphabet, but which was also transliterating his first name from yet *another* alphabet). 25/
When he came to Canada as a refugee, his surname was anglicized to "Doctorow." Other cousins are "Doctorov," "Doctoroff," and "Doktorovitch." 26/
Naturally, his first name could have been "Abraham" or "Abe," but his first employer (a fellow Eastern European emigre) decided that was too ethnic and in sincere effort to help him fit in, he called my grandfather "Bill." 27/
When my grandfather attained citizenship, his papers read "Abraham William Doctorow." He went by "Abe," "Billy," "Bill," "William," "Abraham" and "Avrom."

Practically, it didn't matter that variations on all of these appeared on various forms of ID, contracts, and paperwork. 28/
His reparations check from the German government had a different variation from the name on the papers he used to open his bank account, but the bank still let him deposit it. 29/
All of my relatives from his generation have more than one name. Another grandfather of mine was born "Aleksander," and called "Sasha" by friends, but had his name changed to "Seymour" when he got to Canada. His ID was also a mismatched grab-bag of variations on that theme. 30/
None of this mattered to him, either. Airlines would sell him tickets and border guards would stamp his passport and rental agencies would let him drive away in cars despite the minor variations on all his ID. 31/
But after 9/11, all that changed, for everyone who had blithely trundled along with semi-matching names across their official papers and database entries. Suddenly, it was "computer says no" everywhere you turned, unless everything matched *perfectly*. 32/
There was a global rush for legal name-changes after 9/11 - not because people changed their names, but because people needed to perform the bureaucratic necessary to have the name they'd used all along be recognized in these new, brittle, ambiguity-incinerating machines. 33/
For important categories, ambiguity is a feature, not a bug. The fact that you can write anything on an envelope (including a direction to deliver the letter to the granny flat over the garage, not the front door) means that we don't have to define "address." 34/
We can leave it usefully hairy around the edges.

Once the database schema is formalized, then "address" gets defined too. 35/
We fix the number of lines it can have, the number of characters each line can have, the kinds of characters and even words (woe betide anyone who lives in #Scunthorpe). 36/
If you have a "real" address, a "real" name, a "real" data of birth, all of this might seem distant to you. These "edge" cases - seasonal agricultural workers, refugees with randomly assigned "English" names - are very far from your experience. 37/
That's true - for now (but not forever). The #ShittyTechnologyAdoptionCurve describes the process by which abusive technologies work their way up the privilege gradient. 38/
Every bad technological idea is first rolled out on poor people, refugees, prisoners, kids, mental patients and other people who can't push back. 39/
Their bodies are used to sand the rough edges and sharp corners off the technology, to normalize it so that it can climb up through the social ranks, imposed on people with more and more power and influence. 40/
20 years ago, if you ate your dinner under an always-on #CCTV, it was because you were in a supermax prison. Today, it's because you bought a premium home surveillance system from Google, Amazon or Apple.

pluralistic.net/2021/07/29/imp… 41/
The Netflix anti-sharing tools are designed for rich people. If you travel for business and stay in the kind of hotel where the TV has its own Netflix client that you can plug your username and password into, Netflix will give you a seven-day temporary code to use. 42/
But for the most hardcore road-warriors, Netflix has thin gruel. Unless you connect to your home wifi network every 31 days and stream a show, Netflix will lock out your devices. Once blocked, you have to "contact Netflix" (laughs in Big Tech customer service). 43/
Why is Netflix putting the screws to its customers? It's part of the #enshittification cycle, where platform companies first allocate surpluses to their customers, luring them in and using them as bait for business customers. 44/
Once they turn up, the companies reallocate surpluses to businesses, lavishing them with low commissions and lots of revenue opportunities. And once they're locked in, the company starts to claw back the surpluses for itself.

pluralistic.net/2023/01/21/pot… 45/
Remember when Netflix was in the business of mailing red envelopes full of DVDs around the country? That was allocating surpluses to users. 46/
The movie companies *hated* this, viewed it as theft - a proposition that was at least as valid as Netflix's complaints about password sharing, but every pirate wants to be an admiral. 47/
When Netflix did it to the studios, that was "progress," but when *you* do it to Netflix, that's *theft*. 48/
Then, once Netflix had users locked in and migrated to the web (and later, apps), it shifted surpluses to studios, paying fat licensing fees to stream their movies and connect them to a huge audience. 49/
Finally, once the studios were locked in, Netflix started to harvest the surplus for its shareholders: raising prices, lowering streaming rates, knocking off other studios' best performing shows with in-house clones, etc. 50/
Users' surpluses are also on the menu: the password "sharing" that let you define a household according to your family's own idiosyncratic contours is unilaterally abolished in a quest to punish feckless Gen Z kids for buying avocado toast instead of their own Netflix subs. 51/
Netflix was able to ignore the studios' outraged howls when it built a business by nonconsenually distributing their products in red envelopes. But now that Netflix has come for your family, don't even *think* about giving Netfix some of what it gave to the MPAA. 52/
As a technical matter, it's not really that hard to modify Netflix's app so that every stream you pull seems to come from your house, no matter where you are. 53/
But doing so would require reverse-engineering Netflix's app, and that would violate Section1201 of the #DMCA, the #CFAA, and eleventy-seven other horrible laws. Netflix's lawyers would nuke you until the rubble bounced. 54/
When Netflix was getting started, it could freely #interoperate with the #DVDs that the studios had put on the market. It could repurpose those DVDs in ways that the studios strenuously objected to. 55/
In other words, Netfix used #AdversarialInteroperability (AKA #CompetitiveCompatibility or #ComCom) to launch its business:

eff.org/deeplinks/2019…

Today, Netflix is on the vanguard of the war to
abolish adversarial interop. 56/
They helped lead the charge to pervert @w3c web-#standards, creating a DRM video standard called #EME that made it a crime to build a full-featured browser without getting permission from media companies and restricting its functionality:

blog.samuelmaddock.com/posts/the-end-… 57/
When they used adversarial interoperability to build a multi-billion-dollar global company using the movie studios' products in ways the studios hated, that was *progress*. When you define "family" in ways that makes Netflix less money, that's #FelonyContemptOfBusinessModel. 58/

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More from @doctorow

Nov 15
When the GOP trifecta assumes power in just a few months, they will pass laws, and those laws will be terrible, and they will cast long, long shadows.

1/ https://pluralistic.net/2024/11/14/radical-extremists/#sex-pest  An e-waste dump. In the foreground are two waste-barrels. A limp Canadian flag emerges from the left barrel; the nude head and shoulders of a grinning Tony Clement emerge from the right barrel.  Image: JeffJ (modified) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tony_Clement_-_2007-06-30_in_Kearney,_Ontario.JPG  CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/  --  Jorge Franganillo (modified) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duga_radar_system-_wreckage_of_electronic_devices_(37885984654).jpg  CC BY 2.0 https://creat...
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pluralistic.net/2024/11/15/rad…

2/
This is the story of how another far-right conservative government used its bulletproof majority to pass a wildly unpopular law that continues to stymie progress to this day.

3/
Read 57 tweets
Nov 4
Science fiction isn't collection of tropes, nor is it a literary style, nor is it a marketing category. It can *encompass* all of these, but what sf really is, is an *outlook*.

1/ The Harpercollins cover for Neal Stephenson's 'Polostan.'
If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this thread to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

pluralistic.net/2024/11/04/bom…

2/
At the core of sf is an approach to technology (and, sometimes, science): sf treats technology as a kind of crux that the rest of the tale revolves around.

3/
Read 39 tweets
Nov 1
"Switching costs" are one of the great underappreciated evils in our world: the more it costs you to change from one product or service to another, the worse the vendor, provider, or service you're using today can treat you without risking your business.

1/ A painting of Moses parting the Red Sea, with taerrified and grateful Israelites around his feet and an onrushing army of charioteers in pursuit. Moses has been replaced with a vintage editorial cartoon depicting Uncle Sam as a stern cop holding out a billyclub, on his breast is the crest of the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau. The roiling Red Sea has been overlaid with a US $100 bill.
If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this thread to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

pluralistic.net/2024/11/01/ban…

2/
Businesses set out to keep switching costs as high as possible. Literally. Mark Zuckerberg's capos send him memos chortling about how Facebook's new photos feature will punish anyone who leaves for a rival service with the loss of all their family photos.

3/
Read 43 tweets
Oct 29
I think it behooves us to be skeptical of stories about AI driving people to believe wrong things and commit ugly actions. Not that I like the AI slop that is filling up our social media, but when we look at the ways that AI is harming us, slop is pretty low on the list.

1/ A man lying in a hospital bed, wearing a sinister mind-control helmet. His hands are clenched into fists and he is grimacing. Through a hole in the wall we see a prancing vaudevallian, whose head has been replaced with the head of Mark Zuckerberg's Metaverse avatar. Behind this figure is the giant red eye of HAL9000 from Stanley Kubrick's '2001: A Space Odyssey.' At the end of the bed stand a trio - Mom, Dad and daughter - in Sunday best clothes, their backs to us, staring at the mind-controlled man's face.  Image: Cryteria (modified) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HAL9000.svg  CC ...
If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this thread to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

pluralistic.net/2024/10/29/hob…

2/
The real AI harms come from the actual things that AI companies sell AI to do. There's the AI gun-detector gadgets that the credulous Mayor Eric Adams put in NYC subways, which led to 2,749 invasive searches and turned up *zero* guns:



3/cbsnews.com/newyork/news/n…
Read 57 tweets
Oct 26
Two decades ago, I was part of a group of nerds who got really interested in how each other managed to do what we did. The effort was kicked off by @mala, who called it "Lifehacking" and I played a small role in getting that term popularized:



1/ craphound.com/lifehacksetcon…A 1930s-era suited male figure seated at a formal desk that is mounted high with papers. His head has been replaced with that of a grinning elephant. Reaching through the papers, parting them like the Red Sea, is a giant, friendly male hand, along with a bit of shirt and suit-cuff.
If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this thread to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

pluralistic.net/2024/10/26/one…

2/
While we were all devoted to sharing tips and tricks from our own lives, many of us converged on an outside expert, David Allen, and his bestselling book "Getting Things Done" (GTD, to those in the know):



3/gettingthingsdone.com
Read 53 tweets
Oct 24
A paradox: in 1970, most Americans found it relatively easy to afford a house, and the average US house cost 5.9x the average US income. In 2024, Americans find it nearly impossible to afford a house, and the average American house costs...5.9x the average American income.

1/ A cowboy-hatted, tuxedoed, cigar-smoking Ronald Reagan sits at a coffin/table with the angel of death, which is gesticulating wildly. Reagan holds a green Monopoly house; several more, and a hotel, rest on the coffin before him. The hazy edges of the scene give way to a sepia-tinted, vintage aerial photo of the Levittown suburbs
If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this thread to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

pluralistic.net/2024/10/24/i-d…

2/
Feels like a puzzler, right? Can it really be true that the average American house is as affordable to the average American earner as it was in 1970?

3/
Read 32 tweets

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