On December 25, 1868, President Johnson (D) issued "unconditionally, and without reservation...a full pardon and amnesty..and restoration of all rights, privileges, and immunities” to Democrats responsible for the deaths of 1.5M people in order to preserve slavery. #J6
Prior to December 25, 1868, On December 8, 1863, in his annual message to Congress, President Lincoln (R) outlined his plans for reconstruction of the South, which included terms for amnesty to former Confederates. A pardon would require an oath of allegiance, but it
would not restore ownership to former slaves, or restore confiscated property which involved a third party. The pardon excluded office holders of the Confederate government or persons who had mistreated prisoners.
Under the terms of surrender for the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House on April 10, 1865, General Ulysses S. Grant stipulated "…each officer and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe
“their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside.” On May 5 the parole was extended so soldiers from the 11 Confederate states, plus West Virginia, would be allowed to return home on their paroles but "all who claim homes in the District of Columbia and in States not
“passing the Ordinance of Secession (Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri included) have forfeited them and can only return thereto by complying with the Amnesty Proclamation of the president and obtaining special permission from the War Department.”
Johnson assumed the presidency, his attitude toward Confederate leaders seemed to signify punishment and prosecution for the rebellion. Several mitigating factors however led Johnson to greater clemency, such as the attitude of Lincoln for reconciliation. On January 9, 1867,
President Johnson sent Congress a list of high level former Confederates for whom he had issued pardons embracing all of the more prominent cases in each of the Southern States:
-Frederick Chatard, rebel navy
-Bradley T. Johnson, rebel brigadier general
-George H. Steward [sic], rebel major general
-Colonel Andrew Cross Trippe, Army General
-Twenty-five citizens, recommended by the mayors of Washington & Georgetown
Virginia
-P.H. Aylett, attorney for Confederate States
-Charles Brewer, surgeon, rebel service
-Alex. R. Boteler, rebel M.C.
-John M. Brooke, citizen
-John R. Cambliss [sic], rebel M.C.
-James W. Cooke, rebel navy
-R.R. Carter, rebel navy
-London Campbell, rebel navy
-John Debree, paymaster, rebel service
-T.T. Fauntleroy, resigned commission in US service
-A.S. Garnett, surgeon, rebel service
-W.D. Harrison, rebel navy
-J.D. Henderson, ex-commander US Navy
-J.D. Halyburton, rebel judge
-Edward Johnson, rebel general
-R.W. Jeffrey, ex-surgeon USN
-D.C. De Jarnette, rebel M.C.
-James L. Kemper, rebel major general
-Robert Ould, ex-U.S. district attorney
-Hugh N. Page, rebel navy captain
-R.L. Page, rebel brigadier general
-R.B. Pegram, ex-USN
-W.R. Staples, rebel M.C.
-Geo. P. Scarborough, resigned judgeship
-H.B. Taylor, ex-US army
-J.M. St. John, rebel brigadier general
-Thomas S. Gholson, rebel M.C.
-Charles E. Thorburne, rebel colonel
-Wm. C. Wickham, rebel M.C.
-W.C. Whittle, S.S. Lee, A.O. Browne, J.T. Mason, junior officers on the rebel privateer "Shenandoah"
-A.T. Caperton, rebel senator
-John Echols, rebel brigadier general
-Charles J. Faulkner, rebel minister to France
-Alexander C. Jones, rebel brigadier general
-Robert Johnson [sic], rebel M.C.
-James T. Lockbridge, rebel M.C.
-S.A. Miller, rebel M.C.
-C.W. Russell, rebel M.C.
-Joseph B. Washington, resigned from West Point
-A.H. Arrington, rebel M.C.
-Thomas S. Ashe, rebel M.C.
-R. Barrenger [sic], rebel brigadier general
-William R. Cox, rebel brigadier general
-William T. Dortch, rebel senator
-Bryan Grimes, rebel brigadier general
-Landon C. Haynes, rebel senator
-Bradley T. Johnson, rebel brigadier general
-J.M. Leach, rebel M.C.
-Richard B. Lee, rebel lieutenant colonel
-James R. McLean, rebel M.C.
-Thomas D. McDowell, rebel M.C.
-J.G. Ramsey [sic], rebel M.C.
-M.W. Ransom, rebel brigadier general
-A.M. Seales, rebel brigadier general
-A.W. Venable, rebel M.C.
-Wm. Aiken, ex-governor
-John D. Ashmore, resigned seat in the US Congress
-W.L. Bonham [sic], rebel brigadier general
-M. Butler, rebel brigadier general
-John Bratton, rebel brigadier general
-George Davis, rebel attorney general
-Jesse J.D. DeBow, editor DeBow's Review
-Stephen Elliott, Jr., rebel brigadier general
-Walter Gwynn, rebel brigadier general
-H.J. Harstene, ex-commander U.S. navy
-John Hagood, rebel brigadier general
-Duncan N. Ingraham, ex-captain USN
-P.N. Lynch, Catholic bishop
-J.L. Orr, rebel senator
-G.S. Preston [sic], rebel brigadier general
-H.E. Smith, rebel senator
-George A. Trenholm, secretary of the rebel treasury
-Clifford Anderson, rebel congressman
-Joseph E. Brown, rebel governor of Georgia
-Richard M. Cuyler, ex-USN officer
-J.H. Echols, rebel congressman
-Thomas M. Forman, rebel congressman
-L.G. Gartrell [sic], rebel brigadier general
-H.W. Hilliard, resigned seat in US Congress
-H.R. Jackson, rebel brigadier general
-Jno. J. Jones, resigned seat in US Congress
-L. McLaws, graduate of West Point, rebel brigadier general
-E.A. Nisbet, rebel M.C.
-Wm. E. Smith, rebel M.C.
-Otho R. Singleton, rebel M.C.
-J.H.W. Underwood [sic], resigned seat in US Congress
-J.P. Anderson, rebel major general
-A.K. Allison, rebel governor of Florida
-James M. Baker, rebel M.C.
-W.G.M. Davis, rebel major general
-J.S. Finley [sic], rebel brigadier general
-A.E. Maxwell, rebel senator
-J.P. Sanderson, rebel M.C.
C.A. Battle, rebel brigadier general
Alpheus Baker, rebel brigadier general
David Clopton, resigned seat in US Congress
-W.P. Chilton, rebel M.C.
-Thomas B. Cooper, rebel M.C.
-F.M. Cockerill, rebel brigadier general
-M.H. Cruikshank, rebel M.C.
-M.L. Curry [sic], rebel M.C.
-H.D. Clayton, rebel major general
-E.L. Dargan [sic], rebel M.C.
-Z.C. Deas, rebel brigadier general
-E.E. Elmore [sic], rebel assistant treasurer
-W.H. Echols, graduate of West Point
-T.G. Foster [sic], rebel M.C.
-Duff C. Green, rebel brigadier general
-J.T. Holtzclare [sic], rebel brigadier general
-R. Jemison, Jr., rebel M.C.
-Wm. G. Jones, ex-US district judge
-Wade Keyes, rebel attorney general
-David P. Lewis, rebel M.C.
-John T. Morgan, rebel brigadier general
-Y.M. Moody, rebel brigadier general
-Thomas B. Mills, resigned his commission in USN
-E.W. Pettus, rebel brigadier general
-James L. Pugh, resigned his seat in the US Congress
-P.D. Roddy [sic], rebel brigadier general
-John G. Shorter, ex-governor of Alabama
-C.L. Sayre, ex-officer United States Marine Corps.
-W.R. Smith, rebel M.C.
-P.A. Watts [sic], ex-governor of Alabama
-S.A.M. Wood, rebel brigadier general
-S.R. Anderson, rebel major general
-J.D.C. Atkins, rebel congressman
-A.S. Colyer [sic], rebel congressman
-R.L. Caruthers, rebel congressman
-James W. McCallum, rebel congressman
-M.A. Haynes, ex-US. army
-G.A. Henry, rebel senator
-George A. Howard, ex-US Naval Academy
-John P. Murray, rebel congressman
-A.E. Jackson, rebel brigadier general
-Thomas Meeness [sic], rebel congressman
-Geo. Maney, rebel brigadier general
-J.B. Palmer, rebel brigadier general
-Gideon J. Pillow, rebel brigadier general
@JamesClayton5@elonmusk “BBC World Service – In recognition of the vital role the BBC World Service plays in projecting British values and culture overseas, the government will provide £20 million of additional grant funding to the World Service over the next 2 years.”
The BBC is established under a royal charter and operates under its agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. [web.archive.org/web/2019070505…].
Per @IMDb Steven Spielberg explained the names of House members who voted against the 13th Amendment were actually changed in the film to not embarrass living descendants of these men whose reputations might have been stained by their negative vote-casting. #FairUse
The 13th Amendment passed the Senate by a vote of 38-6.
Davis of Ky.
Hendricks of Ind.
McDougall of Calif.
Powell of Ky.
Riddle of Del.
Saulsbury of Del.
Buchalew of Pennsylvania was not able to attend the session, and when his name was called,
Senator Hendricks said: "I desire to say that [sic] Mr. Buckalew is not able to be in his seat today, and he expressed a wish that [sic] I should say that [sic] if he were present he would vote against the proposition.”
Catherine II, born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 1729 — 17 November 1796, commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power after overthrowing her husband, Peter III. #RussiaUkraineWar
Under her reign, inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment, Russia experienced a renaissance of culture and sciences, leading to the founding of many new cities, universities, and theatres, along with large-scale immigration from the rest of Europe and the recognition of Russia
as one of the great powers of Europe. In her accession to power and rule of the empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably Count Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev,
The US releases 1,800 weather balloons across the globe, including 182 wearer balloons over the United States, every day, in sun, sleet, rain, snow, or hail.
Twice a day, every day of the year, @NOAA weather balloons are released simultaneously from almost 900 locations worldwide. This includes 92 released by the National Weather Service in the US and its territories. The balloon flights last for around 2 hours, can drift as far as
125 miles away, and rise up to over 100,000 ft. (about 20 miles) in the atmosphere. Weather balloons, which are made of latex or synthetic rubber (neoprene), are filled with either hydrogen or helium. The sides are about 0.051 mm thick before release and will be only 0.0025 mm
Putin was born on 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia), the youngest of three children of Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin (1911–1999) and Maria Ivanovna Putina (née Shelomova; 1911–1998). His grandfather, Spiridon Putin (1879–1965),
was a personal cook to Vladimir Lenin and 👉Joseph Stalin.👈 Putin's birth was preceded by the deaths of two brothers: Albert, born in the 1930s, died in infancy, and Viktor, born in 1940, died of diphtheria and starvation in 1942 during the Siege of Leningrad by Nazi
There's a little boy and on his 14th birthday he gets a horse and everybody in the village says, "How wonderful, the boy got a horse" The Zen master says, "We'll see." bbc.co.uk/news/business-…
Two years later, the boy falls off the horse, breaks his leg, and everyone in the village says, "How terrible." The Zen master says, "We'll see."
Then, a war breaks out and all the young men have to go off and fight, except the boy can't because his legs all messed up, and everybody in the village says, "How wonderful."