The findings of this one suggest that habitual exposure to high-fat/high-sugar foods is a critical driver of neurobehavioral adaptations that may increase the risk for subsequent overeating and weight gain before the onset of changes in adiposity. 
- Healthy, normal-weight participants were randomly assigned to dietary intervention with a high-fat/high-sugar or a low-fat/ low-sugar yoghurt 2 times a day, in addition to their normal diet, for 8 weeks.
- Depending on intervention, participants were asked to consume either an high-fat/high-sugar yoghurt (40.8 % kcal from fat, 45.6 % kcal from carbohydrates, 13 % kcal from protein of 79.5 total kcal)...
...or a low-fat/low-sugar yoghurt (17.1 % kcal from fat, 29.1 % kcal from carbohydrates, 51.9 % kcal from protein of 78 total kcal).
- Daily exposure to the high-fat/high-sugar snack produced no specific effects on adiposity and metabolic markers, but nevertheless shifted preference away from low-fat food and increased the sensitivity of brain reward circuits to food cues and stimulus-stimulus contingencies.
"Collectively this emerging work suggests that frequent exposure to HF/HS snacks alone can alter physiology to create risk in non-dieting individuals...
"...who have maintained their regular diet as well as a healthy weight and metabolism by reducing preference for healthier food options while simultaneously enhancing neural reward responses to palatable food"
- Daily exposure to the high-fat/high-sugar snack intervention induced changes in the neural response to food anticipation and consumption.
Interestingly, enhanced responses following the high-fat/high-sugar snack intervention were also identified in sensory regions, including the visual cortex, thalamus, and insular cortex, which represent the oral sensory features of foods.
- Interestingly, the high-fat/high-sugar snack intervention intervention also enhanced prediction error tracking during a sensory association learning task that contained no food images and was unrelated to feeding.
Rather, the task was designed to assess fundamental dopamine-dependent sensory associative learning.
"The enhanced responses we observed in the hallmark circuitry, indicating that the rewiring induced by the HF/HS intervention generalizes to impact the forming of sensory associations beyond the context of ingestive behavior."
- "Taken together, repeated consumption of HF/HS relative to isocaloric LF/LS food, and in the absence of changes in body weight or metabolic state, can rewire brain circuits and thereby induce neurobehavioral adaptations...
...Hence, changing the food environment and reducing the availability of energy-dense HF/HS food items is pivotal to combating the obesity pandemic."
- "Although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, these findings demonstrate that, like addictive drugs...
"...habitual exposure to HF/HS food is a critical driver of neurobehavioral adaptations that may increase the risk for subsequent overeating and weight gain before the onset of changes in adiposity."
Habitual daily intake of a sweet and fatty snack modulates reward processing in humans (open access)
doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet…
#nutrition #diet #Obesity
doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet…
#nutrition #diet #Obesity
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