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Air Safety #OTD by Francisco Cunha Profile picture
@OnDisasters
Mar 26, 2023 • 23 tweets • 14 min read • Read on X
#OTD in 1977: Tenerife Disaster. KLM Flight 4805 and Pan Am Flight 1736, two B-747 Jumbos, collide on the runway at Los Rodeos Airport (Canary Islands Spain). 583 perished: all 248 on the KLM and 335 on PAA, where 61 survived. It remains the deadliest crash in aviation history. Image
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#thread AP footage of the crash aftermath, including images of the wreckage
#thread NY Times period news report nytimes.com/1977/03/28/arc…
#thread Evening news report on the accident by CBS, hosted by the renowned Walter Cronkite, dated May 28 1977.
#thread ASN Entry on KLM [PB-BUF]. It was named Rijn ("Rhine")
aviation-safety.net/database/recor…
#thread ASN Entry on the Pan Am [N736PA - “Clipper Victor”]. In January 1970 it became the first-ever B-747 to operate a commercial flight. Later the same year, it was also the first 747 to be hijacked, being diverted from US to Cuba.
aviation-safety.net/database/recor…
#thread BAAA ACRO Entry on the occurrence
baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-bo…
#thread ICAO Accident Report
baaa-acro.com/sites/default/…
#thread Accident Report (English translation of the original Spanish Enquiry)
lessonslearned.faa.gov/PanAm1736/Span…
#thread Original Accident Report (in Spanish, includes annexes)
mitma.es/organos-colegi…
#thread ALPA Report on the Human Factors. Makes an interesting read, especially a section which lists a long series of similar near misses that occurred previously project-tenerife.com/engels/PDF/alp…
#thread This ALPA report was sourced from the site “Project Tenerife”, which lists other important documents and info on the tragedy project-tenerife.com/engels/
#thread Crash was result of crew actions, namely KLM taking off without ATC clearance, along with factors such as weather, overlaid radio messages, stress and others. It was an instrumental event for the birth of CRM. FAA “Lessons Learned” entry lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?Ta…
#thread FAA animation reconstructing the disaster for their “Lessons Learned” website
#thread A Discovery Channel 45-minute documentary on the accident, produced in 2006, including reenactments, animation and survivor interviews
#thread AFAIK these is the only known picture showing the KLM and Pan Am 747s in Los Rodeos before the collision. It was taken by a local photographer, likely just wanting to capture the huge amount of traffic diverting to Los Rodeos after the bombing in Gran Canaria airport.
#thread Another picture, now showing the KLM B-747 and a SATA DC-8 [HB-IDB] on the background, which had also diverted to Los Rodeos. Reportedly picture was taken 30 mins before the accident.
#thread Mayday – Air Crash Investigation Special episode on the occurrence, with a run time of 1h20ms, one of the best documentaries on the accident. It was first aired in 2007
#thread In 2017 Cineflix, producers for the Mayday – Air Crash Investigation series, produced a new episode on the accident, with the normal runtime of 40 mins. Excerpt here
#thread Seconds to Disaster episode on the occurrence. The way it shows the sequence of how the events unfolded provides a very good explanation for how the various errors led to the accident
#Thread Macarthur Job´s book “Air Disaster Vol.1” final chapter has one of the best round-ups I´ve seen on the occurrence amazon.com/Air-Disaster-V…
#OTD in 1977: Tenerife Disaster: KLM 4805 and Pan Am 1736, two B-747s, collide on the runway at Los Rodeos Canary Islands, Spain. 583 perished in the deadliest crash in aviation history. This date also marks the 4th birthday of this twitter account.
#Thread Sign of the times, a “simple” Youtube channel also provides a detailed explanation of how the tragedy unfolded. Here, Mentourpilot [@MenTourPilot] extended (and excellent) video analysis on the accident

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More from @OnDisasters

Air Safety #OTD by Francisco Cunha Profile picture
Jun 26
🧵 1/21 #OTD in 1988: Air France Flight 296, an A320, crashes in Mulhouse (France), 3 of 136 aboard die. On a low pass demo, jet impacted trees. Inquiry blamed pilot actions, but crash raised issues on how pilots dealt with the (then) new Digital Fly By Wire (FBW) control system.
2/21 #Thread Picture update (1) by @aircrashdaily Image
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3/21 #Thread Longer version of the original video
Read 21 tweets
Air Safety #OTD by Francisco Cunha Profile picture
Jun 14
🧵1/14 Decided to make a roundup of “what´s around” on the Air India Crash. I must add this is, at best “informed speculation” and it might be wrong. And if what I say here turns out right, it will be a coincidence. First, the video⬇️⬇️
2/14 First, the video: while the definition (both image and sound) isn´t HD, it is certain that the landing gear is down, and that stage, it should have been up. That is all the fact we have for now. Image
3/14 Some sources state the flaps appear to be retracted: 1) the video isn´t clear enough to state that. Here, as shared by @gaboair, two frames – one reversed for clarity. Can you tell which one has the flaps up? Image
Read 15 tweets
Air Safety #OTD by Francisco Cunha Profile picture
Apr 4
#Thread Many thanks to Mr. Graham Summers, from the FB Group "Aviation Faded Glory" for letting me share this here

"Much has been written on the development of Concorde between the French and British, but not so much on the original designs from Bristol that led to the two countries merging their designs. From the mid 1950s Bristol Aircraft had been looking at various designs to meet the needs of a supersonic airliner. Under the auspices of the Supersonic Transport Committee, Bristol realised it’s first design under the Model 198 designation. This featured a modified M wing.

Following up, the next Bristol 198 design utilised a compound sweeping delta wing. However due to doubts of engine power, eight engines were chosen for this design from 1958. These engines were fitted to the top surface of the wing. The position of the wing was on the shoulders of the fuselage.

Also fitted was a canard foreplane of the so called gothic shape, due to the resemblance to church windows of that design.

A year later, in 1959, the foreplane was dropped, together with two less engines. The wing had changed shape again, and was of the gothic shape.

The final Type 198 design was very close to the configuration used by Concorde. However it still retained six engines, albeit that they were now located below the wing. The wing itself was virtually the Concorde ogival shape.

While Bristol was working on the Type 198, it also looked at a higher performance Mach 3 airliner as well. The Type 223 eventually emerged in 1961, by which time Bristol had been subsumed in the British Aircraft Corporation. However due to concerns over the materials needed to withstand the temperature, this project was dropped.

Despite the eventual cancellation of the Type 223, a model was displayed at the 1961 Paris Air Show. At the same show, French manufacturer Sud-Aviation also displayed a model of its own supersonic airliner, the Super Caravelle. The resemblance between the two designs was obvious, and so the discussion began on a joint effort, which led to Concorde."

Pictures on the thread below...Image
A GA of the first Type 198 configuration Image
A GA of the second Type 198 configuration Image
Read 10 tweets
Air Safety #OTD by Francisco Cunha Profile picture
Mar 23
#Thread 1/10 #OTD in 2015: Germanwings Flight 9525, an A320, is deliberately crashed in the French Alps by copilot Andreas Lubitz. All 150 aboard die. Lubitz, who hid psychological problems from his employer, locked himself in the cockpit and put jet onto a controlled descent. Image
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#thread 2/10 BBC report bbc.com/news/world-eur…
#thread 3/10 Footage from the crash aftermath by French authorities
Read 11 tweets
Air Safety #OTD by Francisco Cunha Profile picture
Mar 22
#Thread 1/7 in 1994: Aeroflot Flight 593, an A310, crashes in Kemerovo (Russia), all 75 aboard die. Captain seated his 16-y-o son at the controls, who unknowingly disengaged autopilot, which was unnoticed by pilots. This led jet to a bank and dive from which crew were unable to recover.Image
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#Thread 2/7 AP Aftermath Footage
#Thread 3/7 NY Times report nytimes.com/1994/03/23/wor…
Read 8 tweets
Air Safety #OTD by Francisco Cunha Profile picture
Mar 9
#Thread 1/18 Still on MH370, a different tweet on the issue, with the help of Brian Dunning @BrianDunning from @skeptoid

Earlier this week, Skeptoid Podcast released an episode covering the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. You can hear it here –
youtu.be/nfp9mg7vH9w?si… and please hear it before commenting: it is, as always, a well-presented case...

Continues below ⬇️⬇️⬇️

(a long read, but what would you expect from a jet that´s been missing for 11 years?)Image
#Thread 2/18 To sum it all up, Brian argues that the most likely cause was an onboard fire. The crew attempted to turn back – hence the unexpected “turn maneuver” - and also cut all “non-essential electronics,” – which explains the disabling of all tracking gear. But they were eventually knocked out by the conflagration.
#Thread 3/18 So this put the jet in a “ghost flight” mode – like the Helios 522 or the Payne Stewart case, for example – until it crashed. This theory is backed by some accident aviation investigators and experts.
But I think there´s one detail that excludes the possibility of an onboard fire: the radio communications. Or better, the lack of them.
Read 18 tweets

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