1/5 A new #Covid_19 autopsy study finds viral persistence in the cartilage rings surrounding the bronchi in the lungs. These patients were testing negative by PCR for Covid-19 but had persistent lung inflammation - eventually resulting in their death. doi.org/10.1002/path.6…
2/5 POTENTIALLY, viral persistence in the bronchial cartilage could relate to the chest/rib pains experienced by many with Long Covid #pwLC and Post-Vax symptoms #vaccineinjuries This is one of the top 30 symptoms from my informal patient surveys. recoverfromlongcovid.com/vaccine-injure…
3/5 "antibodies against both spike and nucleocapsid revealed the frequent (70%) infection of bronchial cartilage chondrocytes and para-bronchialgland epithelial cells. In a few patients (19%), we also detected positivity in vascular pericytes and endothelial cells"
4/5 "Together, these findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can persist significantly longer than suggested by standard PCR-negative tests, with specific infection of specific cell types in the lung." i.e. > 9 months
5/5 "Whether these persistently infected cells also play a pathogenic role in long COVID remains to be addressed."
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#LongCovid 1/3 Viral persistence and spike shedding may decrease the amount of ACE2 in some cell types and tissues. 2012 research showed that knock-out of the ACE2 gene in mice resulted in greatly increased inflammation in the gut following intestinal damage.
2/3 POTENTIALLY, this is a factor for those with Long Covid.
"genetic inactivation of ... ACE2 results in severe colitis following intestinal injury. "
Lower "ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition (especially Typtophan) to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation" as ACE2 assists in absorption of some amino acids by the gut epithelium.
Two promising biomarkers for long covid in the blood. Two factors, ANG-1 and P-SEL involved in blood vessel inflammation - at about 90 days post infection. The researchers still need to follow long-haulers over time to see how the levels change. molmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
"two vascular biomarkers were identified that distinguished Long-COVID patients from acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients and healthy control subjects (accuracy of 96%). Our data suggest that both of the two, ANG-1 and P-SEL, have potential as disease biomarkers"
NOT THE SAME AS ME/CFS: "Our data suggests that Long-COVID is biochemically distinct from ME/CFS as all 14 vascular biomarkers increased in plasma from Long-COVID patients ... In contrast, levels of P-SEL, MMP-1, ICAM-1, VEGF-A and VEGF-D either do not change with ME/CFS"
A logical reason for Tinnitus and Dizziness - viral infection of the Inner Ear. nature.com/articles/s4385…
"Here, we describe patients with COVID-19 and new-onset of hearing loss, tinnitus and/or dizziness."
"We show that human inner ear cells have the ability to allow SARS-CoV-2 entry. We further show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect specific human inner ear cell types. Our findings suggest that inner ear infection may underlie COVID-19-associated problems with hearing and balance."
A little known but potentially important clinical trial using a mixed probiotic for mild Covid-19 for 30 days. 3 of the 4 strains were Lactobacillus plantarum strains. ab21probiotic.com
The majority of #longhaulers, experience a flare-up of their symptoms after taking just one capsule of L plantarum. Sometimes for 3 or 4 or 5 days. This may be stimulating Type I interferon production via one of our cell's Pathogen Recognition Receptors: cGAS
This may be a way to bypass the viral suppression of Interferon production in infected cells. The production of Interferon stimulates hundreds of genes and makes our cells (and neighboring cells) a very unfriendly place for pathogens - including SARS-CoV-2.