#Thread Indus Gadd 1932 Seals found in UR, a Sumerian city in ancient Mesopotamia, at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in south Iraq's
Impressive Professional quality Pic by @britishmuseum. @NationalMissio1 & @ASIGoI should learn from British Museum. #Archaeology
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A palm-tree with humped bull (zebu), serpent, scorpion and recumbent human figure at the top in this Dilmun Period seal found in 1930 in UR #Archaeology
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Circular stamp-seal of glazed white steatite; engraved with design showing a bull standing over a manger; Indus inscription along the top; top of domed reverse broken.
2500 BC-2000 BC
Babylon (Iraq) #Archaeology
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Circular, dark green steatite stamp seal with pierced, centrally grooved lug at top, base engraved with inscription in Indus script above a humped bull facing right; one side badly chipped. #Archaeology
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Greenish-grey steatite Dilmun-type stamp seal with creamy glaze; circular with convex top; double hole pierced through top; engraved with design on base divided into quadrants of four seated figures round periphery; section of base broken away. #Archaeology
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Black glazed steatite stamp seal; circular; Gulf type and/or Indus Valley style; domed handle at top with groove along centre; hole pierced through at base of handle; design deeply engraved on base of figures and animals; chipped. #Archaeology
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Rectangular, green-grey mottled steatite stamp-seal with pierced lug at back; front surface deeply engraved with crude design of bull standing, facing left; single line inscribed line above; Indus style seal with Sumerian inscription. #Archaeology
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Fragment of a circular greenish-grey steatite stamp seal; part of an inscription and incised design on base; button boss top. #Archaeology
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Circular light grey glazed steatite seal; base engraved with design of a bull facing right, with single-line inscription in Indus script above; roughly conical grooved button boss on top; hole pierced through base of button bosson; broken one side with section missing
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Dark grey glazed steatite stamp seal; circular with domed top; Gulf-type; hole pierced through top; design engraved of scorpion and bull on face; complete. #Archaeology
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Fragment of a pale brown glazed steatite stamp seal; circular with domed handle at top; hole pierced through base of handle; inscription and illegible design on base; lower and left hand part broken away. #Archaeology
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Circular stamp-seal of black steatite, partially covered with a kind of glaze, Dilmun type; with face incised on top; hole pierced through top; geometric or animal design engraved on base. #Archaeology
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Circular, light grey steatite stamp-seal; hole pierced through back; Dilmun type; face shows engraved design of two men, each dressed in a long skirt, walking left and clutching a jar between them; left figure grasps a leaping gazelle by the neck. #Archaeology
"Breast Cloth" and "Mulakkam" : a Breast tax or Adulthood tax
The projection as "Breast-Tax" is a recent twist.
No records in 300 years of history—discovery only 48 years ago.
#thread #bookmark
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Mentions of Breast-Tax in Chronology:
- 1972: Book by T.K. Ravi
- 1973: Book by T.K. Ravi
- 2000: Book by S.N. Sadesivan
- 2011: Book by A. Raju
- 2016: BBC
- 2017: Indiatimes, Scroll, The Hindu
- 2018: Deccan Chronicle, India Today, Movie by Pagare
- 2019: Books by Menon, Emmanuel T, Subhrashis, S. Pillai
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Surprising to see sudden spurt in a story being pushed as an EVIL collectively by several people. Books are being written on a fake story.
Boars embody incredible strength, courage, virility, and ferocity, making them formidable creatures both revered and feared across cultures.
Throughout Bharat's known history, since Kaliyuga in 3101 BCE, Varah has been depicted saving Bhumi Devi, symbolizing the divine intervention and the cosmic duty of preserving the earth. Varah, the boar incarnation of Lord Vishnu, embodies the primal power and resilience necessary to uphold the world.
On the contrary, hunting boar was heroic in known Western history, celebrated in epic tales and royal pastimes, where the hunt tested bravery and skill. The boar was a symbol of both bounty and battle.
In modern times, "suar/swine" is used as an insult, reflecting a shift in perception. Let us begin with what is available on Boar, bridging ancient reverence and contemporary views.
Long thread #Bookmark and Share
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Boars, a species of wild pigs, are believed to have originated in the lush, biodiverse landscapes of Indonesia approximately 4.2 million years ago. Over millennia, these adaptable creatures migrated and thrived across various terrains, leading to their domestication in East and Central Asia around 10,000 years ago. This domestication marked a pivotal shift in human agricultural practices, influencing the development of early civilizations.
Note: The accompanying map serves solely for illustrative purposes and does not delineate modern political boundaries or country borders.
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The presence of wild boar in India is vividly captured through ancient rock art and petroglyphs, with depictions securely dating back to between 30,000 and 12,000 years ago.
1. Bhimbetka wild boar hunting scene: These prehistoric images, spanning 30,000 to 6,000 years before present, offer a glimpse into early human life and their hunting practices, illustrating the boar's significance in survival and culture.
2. Ratnagiri boar: Dating to 12,000 years before present, this depiction highlights the enduring relationship between humans and wild boars, showcasing their importance across millennia.
Crackers are not the real culprits for air pollution in Delhi: It all started with the Punjab and Haryana Water Acts of 2008.
Forget Diwali crackers; let's discuss these acts and their environmental impact. It's not fireworks; the real culprits are often ignored.
Bookmark and share this important information.
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The pollution issue traces back to the 1970s and 80s during the transformative Green Revolution in Punjab and Haryana. Aimed at bolstering national food security, traditional crops like maize, pearl millet, pulses, and oilseeds were swapped for a wheat-paddy rotation. However, the consequences for water tables were overlooked.
The adoption of contemporary irrigation methods, including tube wells, has inadvertently led to over-extraction of groundwater, draining vital aquifers. This depletion poses a serious threat to farming and fresh water resources.
With the change in cultivation patterns, particularly in Punjab, a concerning phenomenon started to unfold—the rapid decline of the water table.
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Punjab Govt Tackles Water Crisis Head-On, Regulates Paddy Cultivation
In 2008, a law was enacted banning farmers from transplanting saplings before June 10.
This move helped conserve water tables but pressured farmers for time, forcing them to cultivate more quickly.
With less time to prepare fields and dispose of plant waste, burning parali has become the only option.
Ever wondered why this year's rainy season is extended and furious?
The answer may lie in the Vedas and Hindu Shastra. Various ancient Sanskrit texts describe cyclic variations in Indian monsoon rainfall occurring every 3, 5, 7, 18, and 60 years. Time series analysis of seasonal rainfall data shows significant peaks near these periods.
We should all know that Venus, Mars, and Jupiter are nearest to the Earth in nearly 1.6, 15-17, and 59-63 years respectively. Indian rainfall oscillates every 2–3, 5–7, 11–12, 18–20, and 60 years. Narasimha and Kailas, using wavelet analysis, confirmed the first four patterns. These cycles vary in amplitude and phase, based on 100 years of data.
Let's check what we have got.
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The monsoon season, known for bringing rain to much of the country, has been depicted in literature since the Rigveda. Vedic texts describe the evaporation-rainfall cycle effected by the Sun.
Out of 3,5,7,18,60 years cycle, 3 and 60 sems to have strong correlation with the rainy season. We shall discuss 3 and 60 with proofs while 5,7,18 we will see what our ancient astronomers have got
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2 Years cycle : Venus
Venus appearance cycle (2-3 years cycle)
Orbitting Venus is nearest to the earth in 1.6 years, two venus orbit however makes roughtly 3 monsoon cycles.
Kautilya’s Arthaśāstra written in 4th century bce observed this phenomenon and its link to the variability in yearly rainfalls based on rainfall figures collected by the metrological department of that time.
In Chapter Agriculture (II.24) he mentions that rainfall for the
season depends on the visibility of Venus
"tasyopalabdhih sukrodayāstamayacārebhyah śukrādvrriti"
Kautilya expects good rainfall if Venus were to be sighted in the eastern sky during the monsoon season.
As per data analytics, the Venus visibility portent stated in the Arthaśāstra appears to be a proxy for the near three-year fluctuation cycle in the rainfall called the EMSO signature.
While scientists are still searching for the extinct "Saraswati" River, a possible clue lies in the Arabian Sea.
A 100 km ridge on the sea shelf, at depths ranging from 50 to 300 meters, aligns with the probable course of the mighty Saraswati River. It is believed that the Saraswati River flowed for about 15,000 years before becoming extinct. For approximately 3,000 of those years, it may have flowed through the ridge now submerged 140 meters below today's sea level.
Do we have the "will" to explore possible clues ?
*Ps : This is my personal opinion
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Several ancient Indian texts have provided detailed descriptions of the Saraswati river. Among these, the oldest is the Rig Veda, where the Saraswati river is described as the mightiest and the best among all rivers, despite the term "saras" actually meaning a lake.
The epic Mahabharata also mentions the Saraswati as being lost in the desert sands and then reappearing at different places in its downstream course, making it clear that the composer was aware of the Saraswati losing its flow strength.
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There is a parallel river flowing along with Indus in map by Ptolemy (150 CE). Could this be Saraswati River ? Who knows ? More researches needed.