Thread by @renesugar

High salt (sodium chloride) exposure / consumption and autoimmunity #POTS #LongCovid #MECFS

High salt promotes autoimmunity by TET2-induced DNA demethylation and driving the differentiation of Tfh cells

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1645086536810258432

"Among the genes activated by high salt concentrations and involved in T cell differentiation and activation, spn is directly regulated by Tet2, and this relationship may provide a novel treatment for SLE by controlling a high-salt diet"

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1645079669610524672

"High salt–induced shift toward proinflammatory macrophage activation can help fight off bacterial infections while worsening end-organ damage in the context of cardiovascular disease."

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1388167035029311490

"Salt-induced immunometabolic changes lead to dysfunctional, autoimmune-like Tregs"

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1630519579670876160

"Côrte-Real and colleagues demonstrate that high salt exposure disturbs the mitochondrial respiration in Treg cells, promoting a pro-inflammatory phenotype, loss of function, and associated breakdown of self-tolerance."

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1624139850684456960

"high salt conditions seem to inhibit tumor growth by enabling more pronounced anti-tumor immunity through the functional modulation of MDSCs"

"a high salt diet (HSD) could influence the immune cell balance toward a pro-inflammatory state"

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1446544179560009728

"salt-tolerant fungus Debaryomyces hansenii, used in the food industry for surface ripening cheese and meat products, is enriched in the inflamed mucosal tissues of patients with Crohn’s disease & leads to impaired wound healing"

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1443309468901511168

"suggests “Bifidobacterium is leaking out from the gut and actually reaching the tumor site,” likely the result of salt-induced gut permeability."

"we can replace the salt with the Bifidobacterium."

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1440579786372304900

"an injection of salt can activate neurons in the brain’s master clock in mice."

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1428915991245778949

Microcirculatory and glycocalyx properties are lowered by high-salt diet but augmented by Western diet in genetically heterogeneous mice

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1497455212977479681

"Types of T-cells, which should not cause allergies, can, in the presence of salt, turn into Th2 cells."

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1649491443743088641

"We here show that a modest increase in salt concentration induces SGK1 expression, promotes IL-23R expression and enhances Th17 cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo, accelerating the development of autoimmunity."

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1649492945811406848

"Activation of SGK1 is also implicated in repression of the Treg lineage in response to high salt exposure"

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1649493478353833984

"A high-salt diet also impaired human Treg function and was associated with the induction of IFNγ-secreting Tregs in a xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease model and in adoptive transfer models of experimental colitis."

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1649494189573554176

"In addition to fats, processed foods are also rich in salt, and recent work has shown that a diet high in salt may promote both Th17 differentiation and induction of autoimmunity"

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1649501689458876416

High Salt Activates CD11c+ Antigen-Presenting Cells via SGK (Serum Glucocorticoid Kinase) 1 to Promote Renal Inflammation and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1649503075030433792

"While intestinal Th17 cells are critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, recent studies have implicated their roles in the development of extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis."

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1649494778600656896

Activation of the bitter taste sensor TRPM5 prevents high salt-induced cardiovascular dysfunction

https://twitter.com/renesugar/status/1647499954494275585