ICU Pharmacy pearls:
If u have not heard the news, there is a national shortage of IV hydrocortisone (HC) ... ashp.org/drug-shortages…
So, if u are like me & use often HC in septic shock, u need to be aware of other options. If HC (Solu-Cortef®) is not available, consider use of
an alternative parenteral corticosteroid: methylprednisolone (MP) (Solu-Medrol®) or dexamethasone (D)
The "problem" w these two drugs is that they have minimal mineralocorticoid activity, so u may need to supplement them w fludrocortisone (FC)
This should not be a totally unknown practice for intensivists, since the "prototype" of positive steroid trials in septic shock, the Annane trial published 20 years ago in JAMA (jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…) implemented a 7 day course w iv hydrocortisone AND enteral fludrocortisone
Of note: 1. Hydrocortisone has a shorter biological half-life (8-12 h) than methylprednisolone (12-36 h) & dexamethasone (36-72 h) 2. In terms of glucocorticoid equivalency:
100mg of hydrocortisone = 20mg methylprednisolone = 4mg dexamethasone
Considering #1 and #2 👆, reasonable alternative regimen suggestions are:
1. HC 100mg iv q8h = MP 20mg iv q8h (or 30mg iv q12h) (OR: HC 50mg iv q6h = MP 20mg iv q12h)
PLUS
FC 50mcg - 100mcg po q24h
(since MP has some/minimal mineralocorticoid activity)
👇
2. HC 100mg iv q8h = D 6mg iv q12h + FC 100 mcg po q24h (OR: D 12mg iv q24h + FC 100mcg po q24h).
Similarly:
HC 50mg iv q6h = D 4mg iv q12h + FC 100mcg po q24h (OR: D 8mg iv q24h + FC 100mcg po q24h)
(since D has essentially NO clinically significant mineralocorticoid activity)
ICU stories (a brief one): 60 yo male w lung cancer / CAD / HTN / HLD / status post chemotherapy a month ago presented to the ED w SOB/cough/weakness after failing outpatient tx w azithromycin. CT chest: no PE but positive for bilateral consolidations:
Patient came to the ICU intubated, sedated, on pressors & antibiotics for PNA. Next step: POCUS. PLAX looked "weird", so Doppler and "zoomed" views were recorded:
ICU stories (from the trenches): 70 yo pt w hx of A-fib/CAD/ICM w EF 25%/VT ablation s/p BiV ICD/CKD/HTN/HLD/peripheral vasc dz/COPD etc presented to outside 🏥 w SOB/weakness/falls. Labs: wbc 15k/creat 3.5 (baseline 2.0)/INR: 8.5/AST/ALT/Tbil: 180/250/3.0, lactate 3.5
RUQ US was obtained to work-up elevated LFTs:
Diagnosed w bilateral PNA/AKI/liver dysfunction. Treated for sepsis w ivf boluses, broad-spectrum antibiotics, steroids, bicarb. Continue to get worse; due to ⬆️O2 needs, transferred to our 🏥. I saw her the next am: in resp distress while on BiPAP 15/10-100%, abg 7.26/50/70/19.
Proposed pathophysiological pathways leading to the cardiorenal syndrome and its complications
"The inciting event is usually an acute decompensation of heart failure. This may lead to either arterial underfilling or venous congestion as mediators that promote neurohormonal activity, inflammation, & endothelial dysfunction. In combination, these pathways lead to ⬇️ in GFR.
Complications include Na avidity and fluid retention, reduced kidney clearance, and endocrine function, all of which further perpetuate the pathophysiology".
ICU stories (a common one): It's Saturday, Jan 28, 2023. You just came on service at 7:00 am & at the same time, they were rolling in a case from the OR (Friday night case = never good...). 65 yo pt w DM2/diastolic HF/CAD/A fib/HTN/PVD. Had 10 ds' hx of abd pain; CT A/P showed
evidence of ischemic bowel. Pt came to the ICU after an exp-laparotomy w partial small bowel resection. The gut was left in discontinuity & the abdomen was left open. Pt still sedated & paralyzed, on norepi 0.18. A sleep-deprived anesth CRNA is telling you that the surgeon plans
to bring the pt back to OR for 2nd look on Monday. You feel so lucky; pt already has lines from the OR, you just have to keep him sedated for 2 days. Piece of cake! You move on to the other pts but the RN interrupts your dream rounds in 5 min. What about maintenance fluids, doc?