It seems that the textbook 👆 uses a sodium correction factor of < 1.0 mEq/L for every 100 mg/dL of Glu above 100 or applies the correction starting from a higher Glu level (probably 200 mg/dL?)
Since the textbook's author is in #MedTwitter, this post may help correcting the correction factor or it may teach me something I am not aware of
Since we dive in the past, let's talk a bit more about the famous Katz's paper/formula published in 1973. It was essentially a letter to the editor, and it was not based on patients' data. The formula was derived by a calculation in "a hypothetically normal patient"...
w several assumptions. It must be one of the most influential papers in medicine (especially Internal Medicine) since it had zero evidentiary basis & we use it every day for the last 50 yrs. BTW, Katz did not use a Glu threshold of 400 mg/dl; pls check this graph from his paper:
Old good times! You could publish a letter in NEJM and affect practice for the next century...
ICU pictorials: A patient was admitted for "weakness". Unimpressive vitals / phys exam / labs. A few days later because of temp 101 F, a fever w/u was initiated. Due to "SOB", a CT chest angio was done:
👆Massive saddle PE extending in both sides w evidence of R heart strain
ICU stories (last night): A patient had been admitted w pneumonia / intubated / on norepi 0.12. At 01:00 am, the nurse notifies you that urine output is 5-10 cc/hr for the previous 3 hours. BP is 99/44, HR 90, CRT 3 sec. You take the US in patient's room to see what's happening.
What POCUS finding(s) is/are likely to explain the oligo-anuria in the shortest amount of time?
If you (and the patient) are lucky, you may find this:
ICU stories: Pt w "severe COPD" (ex-smoker; FEV1 30%) / chronic hypoxic-hypercapnic resp failure on 2-4 l/m O2 @ home / diastolic HF / HTN / HLD was brought to the ED due to "altered mental status" & "shortness of breath". S/he left the hospital 3-4 months ago after an episode
of "COPD exacerbation" (the 4th during the last 12 months). In the ED: sat in low 80s & after a brief non-rebreather mask trial, pt was placed on NIV. ABGs: PCO2>100 (above detection limit), pH 7.14, HCO3 undetectable. Pt suffered 2 grand mal seizures, & after receiving
lorazepam & 2l NS, s/he was intubated (roc+keta) & rushed to the ICU. Per ED: ECG w sinus tach & CXR "COPD lungs" & R basilar infiltrate. Labs: WBC 14K, creat 2.0 (baseline 1.4). You examine the pt quickly: sedated-?paralyzed/decr BS & wheezing bil/trace ext edema/skin not cold
ICU stories (a brief one): A 40+ yo pt w hx of bipolar disorder/asthma/GERD/HTN was brought to the ED by EMS after his wife found him lethargic ("altered mental status"). Apparently, he had spent the previous 2 days isolated in his forest cabin. Upon ED arrival, he was obtunded
& was given Narcan with no improvement. Vitals: 140/90, hr 80, rr 22, afebrile, sat 97% on room air. He could respond to simple questions. CT brain was negative. Lab work/up showed Hct of 59%, wbc 11k, PLT 400k and a chemistry panel showed:
A urine drug screen was sent 👇 while patient admitted that he had probably taken more Xanax (alprazolam) pills than he should. However, he denied that he wanted to hurt himself.