Here, even though both acute and short-term supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice were found to have equally beneficial effects on muscle speed and power in older individuals, no apparent changes in blood pressure or plasma markers of oxidative stress were observed.
- Sixteen community-dwelling older men and women with a mean age of 71 years completed this registered clinical trial.
- The participants not on the placebo group drank 140 mL of concentrated beetroot juice containing (based on direct measurement) 18.2±6.2 of NO3-.
- Compared to baseline, similar increases in maximal knee extensor speed and power were observed after both acute and short-term (2 weeks of daily supplementation) ingestion of beetroot juice containing NO3-.
- On the other hand, neither acute nor short-term (2 weeks of daily supplementation) beetroot juice supplementation, either with or without NO3- had any statistically significant effect on blood pressure or on plasma markers of oxidative stress.
Short-term beetroot juice supplementation improves muscle speed and power but does not reduce blood pressure or oxidative stress in 65–79 y old men and women
In this one, a higher cardiovascular risk, as assessed by the Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score, was associated with poorer cognitive function among older adults living in the US.
- The Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score is based on age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, blood pressure, and diabetes.
- It was found to be associated with lower cognitive function among older adults, including overall cognition and particular domains of cognition, such as executive function and processing speed, and immediate and delayed memory.
In this one, HMB supplementation was associated with improvements in muscle strength, physical performance and muscle quality (defined as the handgrip strength/fat-free mass ratio) in older adults with sarcopenia during a resistance exercise program.
- This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate whether HMB supplementation can improve muscle strength, function, and body composition in older adults with sarcopenia.
- This study included subjects aged ≥60 years with sarcopenia which were assigned to the HMB group or the placebo group.
This one found a bidirectional, dose-response relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive function in a multinational, European population with a mean age of 68.42 years.
- This study tried to analyze the longitudinal association between handgrip strength and cognitive performance in different cognitive functions according to sex in a European multicentric population.
- A longitudinal and bidirectional relationship between handgrip strength and three different cognitive functions was observed.
This umbrella review finds that the evidence from meta-analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials overall suggests that resistance training is likely to be a suitable intervention for persons with sarcopenic obesity, although the results may be suboptimal, in general.
- This is the first umbrella review on sarcopenic obesity conducted to provide comprehensive insights into the effectiveness of different nutrition and exercise interventions for adults.
- Four systematic reviews with between 30 to 225 participants were included in the umbrella review.
This systematic review and meta-analysis finds little evidence for or against recommending the dietary inclusion of legumes for the purpose of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes prevention for healthy general populations.
- This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors among healthy adults using both observational and intervention studies.
- Findings from observational studies (generally with low legume consumption) did not support an association, although clinical trials did indicate some likely beneficial (although clinically small) effects on blood lipids and fasting glucose.
Using linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses, this one suggests that a higher adiposity, as measured by BMI, is causally associated with an increased risk for rheumatic disease, an effect that is more pronounced in women for both gout and psoriatic arthropathy.
- A genetic predisposition to high BMI is was found to be causally linked to a higher risk of developing psoriatic arthropathy and inflammatory spondylitis.
- For psoriatic arthropathy and gout, sex-specific effects were observed, and for osteoarthritis, the effect of BMI was stronger in premenopausal compared to postmenopausal women.