An interesting (and hopeful) angle in today's 🇨🇦 GDP release. Economy-wide inflation (measured by the GDP deflator) has largely abated: up just 1.3% in last 12 mos. This corresponds to a moderation of the excess profits corporations racked up in post-lockdown period. #cdnecon /2
Gross corporate operating surpluses are down 6% over the last yr. That's largely because of lower fossil fuel energy prices (& profits), but also due to easing supply constraints & lower profit-taking in other key sectors (like building products, autos, primary metals, M&E). /3
We had documented the sectors that had seen the biggest increases in profits (and biggest price hikes) when inflation peaked in mid-2022; see our @CntrFutureWork report on 15 super-profitable sectors: centreforfuturework.ca/2022/12/02/fif…. /4
Profits are still elevated: higher as share of GDP than long-run avg. This is especially visible when we include the interest component of bank profits (int. is not included in GDP). After-tax profits in the financial sector up 1.5pts of GDP since interest hikes began Mar '22. /5
The easing of economy-wide GDP inflation is already matched by an easing of CPI inflation, and the two will converge as CPI inflation slows further. The two indices track closely over time: GDP inflation is more volatile, CPI catches up (typically with a lag). /6
The big policy takeaways from this new data:
i) Surging corp profits (in energy, yes, but other sectors too) drove the post-2021 surge in inflation.
ii) Factors that facilitated that excess profit-taking are abating.
iii) Inflation is slowing, and will slow further. /7
Slowing inflation is occurring 'despite' an unemployment rate still near historic lows & nominal wage growth that is modestly higher. Amazing! If inflation wasn't caused by workers, it can be solved without punishing workers (through monetary austerity & unemployment). #canlab
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Another installment in the Great Aussie Profit-Prices Debate occurred at Senate Estimates yesterday, when RBA Governor Philip Lowe was served a Dorothy Dixer by Senator Bragg, former ED of the BCA (who certainly has a view on whether profits can ever be "too high"). /2
Lowe repeated familiar RBA arguments about why he is not concerned that profits have fueled inflation. But it's worth closely reviewing his language, which speaks volumes about the prior assumptions baked into orthodox macro policy in 🇦🇺. /3
First Lowe claimed "profits have increased broadly in line with the economy." That's just flat-out false: corp profits reached their highest share of GDP ever in 2022 (29%). That's almost 2x what they were in the 70s--and a key reason why inflation today differs from the 70s. /4
🧵For those fretting that incremental measures in today's 🇨🇦 #Budget2023 will somehow fan the flames of inflation, please remember: The fiscal foot has been firmly on the brake for 2 yrs. Program spending is down 1/3 since COVID peak. Down 12% in first 9 mos of this fy #cnecon /2
And for those who believe inflation is caused by deficits, please remember: 98% of the COVID deficit has been eliminated. Deficit over 1st 9mos of this fy was just $5.5b (Fiscal Monitor). Year-end deficit may be padded in the budget. But the deficit is effectively gone. /3
And for those who claim giving a tidbit of aid to low-income households (through extension of enriched GST credit) will fuel inflation, please remember: the $2.5b cost of that credit = 0.4% of total consumer spending (over 6 mos). No possible impact on overall price level. /4
In light of Loblaw's inept efforts on social media to justify its super-sized inflation-fueling profits, this is an opportune time to remind shoppers of four crucial economic facts regarding supermarket profitability: 🧵
A. Food retail profits have more than doubled from pre-pandemic norms. /3
B. Their higher profits are NOT the result of a constant profit margin collected from a growing base of sales. Claims to this effect are outright lies. The average margin has increased by three-quarters since the pandemic. /4
🧵Consumer prices fell 0.6% in 🇨🇦 in Dec., yr/yr CPI growth fell to 6.3% (from 8.1% in June). This is good. But lest anyone interpret this as evidence that Bank of Canada tightening is 'working', or relief is imminent, let's review the short history of this inflation. #cdnecon /2
Pandemic caused big breaks in global supply (not fully repaired yet) & big shifts in global demand (mostly, not fully, rebalanced). Govt stimulus maintained aggregate demand & prevented a depression. For a short time, demand exceeded supply (mostly due to constrained supply). /3
Quick phase-out of COVID supports then cut household spending power quickly; it is now below pre-COVID trend. Supply has rebounded but still not caught up to pre-COVID trend. We are currently in a situation where both supply and demand are below potential. /4
Also true in most other OECD countries too, incl. Canada and Australia (both have record-high profit shares). It is decisions by firms to increase prices that are the proximate cause of inflation, and they've been lifting them substantially more than their own costs require. /2
I'm amazed at how both the economic right & moral legitimacy of firms literally *causing* inflation are absolutely taken for granted in policy discussions of inflation control. Do we blame 'greed'? Of course not: firms are *supposed* to maximize their profits! #WhatsTheDiff /3
In this view the only way to stop firms from increasing prices more than costs is to take away purchasing power from people paying those prices: punishing the victims. Trying to *protect* the victims (with higher wages, benefits, subsidies) is then seen as 'causing' inflation. /4
Fine story by @MESandbu for @FT on sustained weakness of business capex across G7 and its consequences (paywall): ft.com/content/3a8731…. I've argued for yrs the greatest contradiction of neoliberalism is weakness of biz investmt, DESPITE the painful favours done for capital. /2
Profit shares are up strongly in most OECD countries thx to neoliberal policies (to suppress labour costs, cut corp tax, deregulate & privatize). Yet capital does less work, not more, measured by its contribution to GDP. This chart from 2nd edition of economicsforeveryone.ca. /3
Net investmt got even weaker after COVID (sometimes <0). Company tax cuts only throw good money after bad: they've had no effect on private capital spending. I analyzed the 🇨🇦 failure here: centreforfuturework.ca/2020/08/26/the…. And the 🇺🇸 failure here (pp74-90): paecon.net/PAEReview/issu…. /4