1️⃣ Narrow focus on the individual
▪ Self-interest narrowly defined
▪ Limited sense of interdependence
▪ Limited sense of collective efficacy
▪ Systems and structures as invisible or irrelevant
2️⃣ A-historical stance
▪ The present as disconnected from the past
▪ Current distribution of advantage/disadvantage as happenstance
▪ Systems and structures as givens and immutable
4️⃣ White supremacist ideology
▪ Hierarchy in human valuation
▪ “White” as the ideal and the norm
▪ Sense of “White” entitlement
▪ Dehumanisation of people of colour
▪ Fear at the “browning” of America
• • •
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#InstitutionalBetrayal is failure to prevent or respond supportively or take appropriate action to protect employees from wrongdoings within institution wrt inequity, discrimination, bullying & retaliation