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Prof Lennart Nacke, PhD | Academic Writing Profile picture
@acagamic
Jun 21 • 13 tweets • 5 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
Drop the capitalization of "knowledge."

Assert your research contribution instead.

Choose one of 7 different research contributions ↓

#chi2024 #phdchat #academictwitter
Before we dive in.

A research paper is the ultimate capture & deliver tool for knowledge.

In a scientific paper, the research contribution is the star of the show.

In the interdisciplinary young field of HCI, these 7 patterns emerged.

Similar ones will exist in your field.
1. Empirical Contributions

These reveal how people use systems or are themselves.

They provide critical raw data & observations.

We ask to judge:

• How solid is the methodology?
• What do they reveal?
• Data validity?

Write up your methodology, data, & insights clearly.
2. Artifact Contributions

Include systems, tools, architectures, & techniques.

• Reveal new possibilities
• Enable new explorations
• Facilitate new research insights

Evaluated based on impact & approach.

Highlight novelty, functionality, & potential impact of artifacts.
3. Methodological Contributions

Improve existing methods or develop new tools & techniques.

Evaluated based on

• Novelty
• Effectiveness
• Potential to improve research outcomes

Focus writing on the novelty & effectiveness of your method & how it can improve HCI research.
4. Theoretical Contributions

Explain phenomena with new or improved theories.

Identify the causes of certain phenomena.

We judge them by

• Novelty
• Soundness
• Explanatory power.

Concentrate on your theory's newness, reliability, and capacity for phenomena explanation.
Hey, while you're reading this:

Don't miss out on free tips in my writing newsletter & take my online course about academic writing, where you learn everything you must know to write an academic paper.

Sign up for my completely free newsletter here now:
view.flodesk.com/pages/6438556c…
5. Dataset Contributions

Provide research communities with new datasets.

Share data for research validation & theory development.

Judged by

• Quality
• Relevance
• Potential dataset practicality

Showcase your dataset's value (quality & utility) for HCI research.
6. Survey Contributions

Review existing literature on a particular subject.

Identify gaps for future research & fuse existing knowledge.

Judged by the review's exhaustiveness & the insights it provides.

Stress review's accuracy & implications for future research.
7. Opinion Contributions

Describe your personal or idiosyncratic perspective on a topic.

Aim to spark debate & offer new viewpoints.

Evaluated based on

• the soundness of the argument
• the novelty of the perspective

Make a compelling case and offer a new take on a matter.
TL;DR: 7 HCI research contributions

1. Empirical Contributions
2. Artifact Contributions
3. Methodological Contributions
4. Theoretical Contributions
5. Dataset Contributions
6. Survey Contributions
7. Opinion Contributions

This wraps up thread 20/30 June threads I'm writing.
Find out more in the paper:

Wobbrock, J. O., & Kientz, J. A. (2016). Research Contributions in Human-Computer Interaction. Interactions, 23(3), 38-44. ACM.

By the HCI all stars: @wobbrockjo @juliekientz
@wobbrockjo @juliekientz Thank you for reading my thread.

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1. Please share the tweet included below so it can help others

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Prof Lennart Nacke, PhD | Academic Writing Profile picture
Jun 20
Don't use ChatGPT to write your paper drafts.

It makes up false references.

Talk to the PDF document of a research paper instead!

(with the AskYourPDF plugin) ↓
For this plugin to work correctly, you have to:

1. Upload a PDF to AskYourPDF
2. Copy the doc id from the PDF into ChatGPT

Luckily, I just asked ChatGPT:
Can I upload a PDF here?

I got the link to the AskYourPDF upload site.

Then, upload the PDF and copy the doc id to ChatGPT
Let's get down to business.

Ask for study details.
Anything you want to know.

I asked: "What were the most popular gamification map elements in the study?"

I got the four elements used in the study complete with

• short description
• page reference

Double-checked in PDF.✅
Read 10 tweets
Prof Lennart Nacke, PhD | Academic Writing Profile picture
Jun 19
Your paper's title is its landing page.

32% of social science &
82% of humanities articles
are never cited.

Avoid these conversion rates & get 7+ citations/article.

Here's how to write paper titles academics want to read ↓
Before we dive in.

There is a field called Titlelogy.

Titles fall into two groups:

1. Single-unit
2. Multi-unit

Single-unit titles are unbroken structures, phrases, to whole sentences.

Multi-unit titles combine words that modify a nominal title's central noun or noun phrase.
The research on paper titles with punctuation is not conclusive.

Evidence points to it being better or worse (depending on the sample).

In HCI, this works:

Journal articles with no punctuation marks get more citations.

Conference articles with colons get cited the most.
Read 17 tweets
Prof Lennart Nacke, PhD | Academic Writing Profile picture
Jun 17
Stop agonizing over how to say things in your paper.

Use templates to summarize, paraphrase, & quote.

Write more efficiently with these 6 templates ↓
1. Capture Author Action: Summaries & Paraphrasing

Summarize & paraphrase like a pro with these target phrases:

• X observes that
• X argues that
• X believes that
• X questions whether
• X claims that
• X concedes that
• X demonstrates that
• X emphasizes that
2. Quotations

Alert your readers.

These target phrases signal a direct quote is coming up.

• X asserts
• X stated that
• X argues in her book that
• In the journal ABC, X expresses dissatisfaction with
• X's disagreement is evident in her writing, where she states that
Read 10 tweets
Prof Lennart Nacke, PhD | Academic Writing Profile picture
Jun 17
How to write your paper's research methods section

(without your choices seeming arbitrary to reviewers)
↓
Writing Methods is where most people start their paper.

The goal:

Provide sufficient information for reviewers to assess the study's validity.

The explanation should be crystal clear, precise, and leave no room for confusion about how and why the experiment was conducted.
For example, a method section includes:

• Research design (in empirical research)
• Sample size and population
• The experimental protocol
• Data collection methods
• Data analysis methods
• Ethical considerations

Content only differs slightly across disciplines.
Read 16 tweets
Prof Lennart Nacke, PhD | Academic Writing Profile picture
Jun 16
No need to use ChatGPT *smartly* as a personal writing assistant

when there are so many other choices for academics out there.

Here are some of my favourite AI writing tools

(for academics) ↓
Ok, before I throw shade on ChatGPT, there are ways to make it work for academics.

And it is not free(+).

Use a plugin called ScholarAI.

You can ask it to provide articles about a topic & it does just that.

So far, I haven't had any errors, but always double-check accuracy.
But this doesn't cure writer's block.

If you're staring at a blank page, then tools like GPT-4 or Claude+ can help (via poe dot com).

I use Notion AI (a version of Claude) first to outline

or brainstorm ideas on a topic.

Then, I expand upon the subtopics.
Read 12 tweets
Prof Lennart Nacke, PhD | Academic Writing Profile picture
Jun 15
I have 29k+ citations to 300+ published papers.

I started by struggling with how to narrow down a research problem

(without any guidance from my PhD supervisor).

Here's how you frame a research problem statement

(in 5 super simple steps + examples) ↓
1. Highlight the gap in existing research on your topic

• Focus your audience on unexplored research
• This shows readers why your research question needs exploration

✅ Ask yourself what areas of your topic existing research hasn't addressed yet.

❗️State that clearly.
Example:

"Despite the growing interest in and the critical role of inclusive design in human-computer interaction, there is a lack of studies on the user experience of people with colour blindness. This often overlooked area in the field provides the impetus for our research."
Read 15 tweets

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