David Elfstrom Profile picture
Aug 28 13 tweets 4 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
1/ Levoit Core 400S versus Austin Air HM400 in a challenge to see which portable air cleaner removes submicron salt particle aerosols the fastest! Which do you think will win, and by how much? Poll in next tweet below... A large indoor tent with taped seams on a concrete floor is shown. On the left is a bench with instruments. A webcam is mounted on the top of a chair facing the instruments. In the middle are two air purifiers: The cylindrical Levoit Core 400S and the larger boxy Austin Air HM400. In the back right corner is a circular floor fan pointed diagonally upward into the middle. At the front right is a chair holding what looks like a tiny pitcher with a spout. A long thin clear plastic tube is connected to the side of this device, and exits the frame. Power cords are on the floor.
2/ Which has a higher CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate):
Levoit Core 400S, or Austin Air HM400?
See if you can find the manufacturer's claims for both, and then come back and vote:
[sarcasm] Not only is the Austin Air bigger and far heavier, it also draws way more power, is much louder, and more expensive. It couldn't possibly be *worse* than the Levoit, right? Right?
4/ Poll Answer: The Levoit Core 400S is about 65-65% (give or take) higher CADR than the Austin Air HM400. Poll options: Levoit 65% higher (green circle), Levoit 25% higher (red X), Both about the same CADR (red X), Austin Air 55% higher (red X)
5/ I tested two Austin Air HM400's. I fully tested one with multiple tests at each speed. I got 154 CFM CADR on high, 77 CADR on medium, and 36 CADR on low.
On the second unit I got 142 CFM on high. The power draw was lower on the second one as well, suggesting a lower speed. Plot of sequential drawdown tests, with y-axis being log scale of the count per liter which takes curves and converts them to straight lines for linear regression. Power is reported as well, 97 W high speed, 77 W medium speed, 36 W low speed.
6/ I have tested two Levoit Core 400s and get an average 238 CFM CADR of 0.30 micron on high. The official AHAM-AC1 test result (on Energy Star Room Air Purifiers Directory) is 247 CFM CADR for 0.09-0.50 micron smoke. Close (3.6% less than the lab)
7/ And earlier I measured the actual airflow through one of the Core 400S and got 257 CFM on high. So the Levoit all lines up. Power draw of the Levoit was the same as quoted on the specifications.
8/ What about this "400 CFM" and "250 CFM after the filter"? Well it's harder to measure flow on this unit. Most people measure flow with an anemometer on the outlet and multiply by the area which greatly overstates flow. Need to have a a calibrated adjustment factor.
9/ Have others tested the HealthMate's CADR? Yup. HouseFresh did a simpler test and got 150 CFM. And an aerosol researcher published the results without naming the brand publicly and got very similar CADR numbers, about 145 CFM, 60 CFM, and 45 CFM for high/med/low.
10/ The design is straightforward. Plastic forward curved centrifugal fan draws upward and blows air outward. It throws a narrow jet of air that feels powerful, but the volume flow is low. Image
11/ I have no concerns about the filter. There was very little variation in CADR for different aerosol particle sizes, suggesting it is a HEPA as claimed. And it has a very large mass of carbon. Good for capturing VOCs.
12/ Remember you can look up many filters on the ENERGY STAR directory of Certified Room Air Purifiers. They have been independently tested by Intertek to standards for CADR and power. energystar.gov/productfinder/…
13/ And there's the wonderful crowdsourced tool from @CleanAirStars that includes CADR at different speeds and noise for air purifiers, along with a selector tool to give you the options of combinations for low noise and high CADR cleanairstars.com/filters

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More from @DavidElfstrom

Jun 12
When to change the filter on DIY #CorsiRosenthalBox? Holder et al (onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/in…) showed that performance degradation depends on contaminant: Dust reduces airflow. Smoke kills electrostatic properties. @JimRosenthal4 @joeyfox85 @CorsIAQ Table for MERV 13 single-fi...
@JimRosenthal4 @joeyfox85 @CorsIAQ Note the test substance for the CADR PM2.5 performance measurement was simulated wildfire smoke.
The same would likely apply to a commercial HEPA air cleaner. Monitor for clearing time for a fixed release of contaminant with a simple PM meter.
Read 6 tweets
Apr 12
When an IAQ report for an elementary school states the acceptable industry CO2 guideline is 700 ppm above ambient, or 1200 ppm, ask why the professional is using Std 62.1-2016 Informative Appendix D that was DELETED in 2018 because of misuse and outdated 1950's data.
@O_S_P_E 's calculator will give a target steady state CO2 value based on Standard 62.1 minimum acceptable outdoor air ventilation rates. Hint: It's not 1200 ppm for an elementary classroom. Link: https://t.co/V1DwupuJ3xospe-calc.herokuapp.com
Key phrases identifying that the deleted Informative Appendix D was used:
-Target of 700 ppm CO2 above ambient
-ambient is 300-500 ppm
-majority of occupants be satisfied with respect to human bioeffluents
-uses 1.2 MET, 15 CFM (7.5 L/s), 0.31 L/min
Read 4 tweets
Apr 12
I agree both COVID and climate have engineering solutions, but disagree that engineering is *the* approach for climate that will drive an economic boom, because it overlooks the underlying geological reason for the industrial revolution:
Energy. /1
Yes, engineering was the response to social need. As it was with aqueducts, for example.
However the enormous geological endowment of concentrated solar energy in fossil fuels is behind all expansion since the industrial revolution. /2
Like all life that encounters ample energy supply, humans went (and continue to) go bananas, and appear to be collectively unable to wean ourselves off it, engineering or otherwise. /3
Read 9 tweets
Jan 22
1/ Looking at the sharp rise in your #Enbridge #NaturalGas bill? Wondering how it compares to electricity? Here's the conversion factors for the energy content in m3 to kWh:
Enbridge South 1 m3 = 10.88 ekWh
Enbridge North 1 m3 = 10.78 ekWh
2/ The energy content of 1 m3 of natural gas changes over time. This web page has the historical annual average values: enbridgegas.com/storage-transp…
To convert between GJ per 1000 m3 natural gas and ekWh per m3, divide by 3.6.
(1 W = 1 J/s, and 1 hour = 3600 seconds) Enbridge web page snapshot: Unit of Measure Conversion infor
3/ Nearly all of the costs are m3 based. If you want to get really detailed, go to this web page: enbridgegas.com/residential/my… and enter your postal code to get the current rate breakdown. Here's the one for my region:
Read 8 tweets
Dec 18, 2022
#PostNews is ableist by intent. When I made my first post I was astonished that I couldn't add an image description to an infographic.

It turns out this is not an oversight. It's intentional. #Accessibility. /1 Post by Taylor Lorenz @taylorlorenz@mastodon.social November
The founder of Post says "We want to do it all but first, let's get everyone in."
Well, everyone in who is sighted, that is.
If #accessibility is not part of the design from the start, it won't be easily added in the future. /2
Post is excluding smart people like @DavidLepofsky, a lawyer who was responsible for forcing the Toronto Transportation System to add stop announcements. Which of course helps the sighted too. /3
Read 5 tweets
Dec 15, 2022
Pharmacies have empty shelves where children's fever medication once was and antibiotics are running low, yet there are overstock sales on respirator masks and air purifiers.
The Canadian PPE industry is going to shut down without some large orders.
Major Canadian retailers never stocked quality locally-made respirator masks even when there were requirements to wear masks in public spaces. From a year ago:
Read 5 tweets

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